Changes in cellular energy allocation in Enchytraeus albidus when exposed to dimethoate, atrazine and carbendazim
Cellular Energy Allocation (CEA) is a methodology developed to evaluate the effects of toxic stress on the metabolic balance of organisms. It consists in the integration of the energy reserves available (Ea) (total carbohydrate, protein and lipid content) and energy consumption (Ec) estimated by measuring the electron system activity (ETS). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects on the energy budget of the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) when exposed to dimethoate, atrazine and carbendazim (testing the reproduction effect concentrations EC10, EC20, EC50 and EC90) over periods of time from 0 to 2, 4 and 8d. Significant changes in the energy reserves were observed with all pesticides, together with effects on the energy consumption. Carbohydrates were the first energy source to be used, with clear depletions occurring with all pesticides. Energy consumption increased generally in longer exposures and with higher concentrations of the pesticides. Although clear changes were seen in the individual energy reserve budgets and on Ec, CEA was only significantly reduced with atrazine exposures longer than 4d. The nearly absent effects in CEA at concentrations of known effect on reproduction indicate that the reduction in reproduction is not likely to be caused by a reduction in the total energy budget during the first 8d of exposure. This study showed the importance of complementing CEA interpretation with the individual Ea and Ec parameters, in particular if these show opposite balances. Ea and Ec results were in good agreement with gene transcription results from a parallel study, hence suggesting the translation and showing the advantage of combining various effect levels to advance the understanding of mechanisms. Environ Toxicol Chem © 2013 SETAC
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