The aim of this study is to couple several analytical techniques in order to carefully undertake physical, chemical and mineralogical characterisations of LD steel slag to determine its feasible utilisation in commercial brick manufacturing. The characterisation results of LD slag showed that the pH and electrical conductivity of the samples were very high indicating high percentage of lime presence and presence of ionic form of various salts, respectively. The specific gravity and bulk density of LD slag samples were found to be high in comparison to fly ash samples. The EDS X–ray micro analysis showed that major elemental compositions of LD slag samples are O and Ca by weight. The XRF analysis showed that the major components of the LD slag samples are CaO, FeO and SiO2. The differential thermal analysis result showed that an endothermic peak at 450.7°C in the DTA curve was found. The compressive strength of the brick samples type A (Fly ash - 35% + LD slag - 30% + Gypsum - 5% + Quarry dust - 20% + Lime - 9.75% + CaCl2 - 0.25%) was found to be more than 100 kg/cm2 after 14 days of curing which is sufficiently higher than that of the strength of a normal red clay bricks (50-70 kg/cm2) and may be its feasible replacement for commercial purposes in civil jobs.
Mercury speciation and distribution in a 660-MW tangential-fired utility boiler in Taiwan burning Australian and Chinese bituminous coal blends was investigated. Flue gases were simultaneously sampled at the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) inlet, the SCR outlet, the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet, and the stack. Samplings of coal, lime, bottom ash/slag, fly ash, and gypsum slurry were also conducted. Results indicated that flue gases at the inlet to SCR contained a great potion of particlebound...
Section 6017(a) of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users, P.L. 109-59, Aug. 10, 2005 (SAFETEA-LU), directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or the Agency) to, “…conduct a study to determine the extent to which procurement requirements, when fully implemented…may realize energy savings and environmental benefits attainable with substitution of recovered mineral components in cement used in cement or concrete projects.”
SAFETEA-LU directs EPA to...
To prevent acid mine drainage arising from oxygen and water penetration of sulphide-rich mine tailings, the tailings are covered with layers of dry sealing material. Plant roots have a great ability to penetrate dense materials, and if the roots are able to penetrate the sealing layer of a tailings deposit, its oxygen-shielding properties could be reduced. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether plant roots are able to penetrate sealing layers covering mine tailings deposits. Root penetration into...
Increasing public concern regarding potential health problems due to improper waste disposal practices and the introduction of landfill taxes have induced the practice of incineration. Presently, all UK incinerators have to meet very strict emission levels. The municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash generated has to be managed very carefully as it is enriched with toxic organic micro pollutants and heavy metals. The aim of the present work is to describe briefly a novel thermal technology, known as the ash detoxificat...
Since the U.S. is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2), it has become crucial to develop options that are both cost effective and supportive of sustainable development to reduce atmospheric CO2. Electric utility companies have the options of reducing their use of fossil fuels, switching to alternative energy sources, increasing efficiency, or offsetting carbon emissions. This study determined the cost and profitability of sequestering carbon in green ash plantations, and the number of tons of carbon that...
MSW incineration produces a high quantity of residues (slags, fly ashes, sludges). Recycling suitability of residues is therefore an important issue requiring as a first step their physical and chemical characterisation (mass, granulometry distribution, merceology) and determination of their hazardousness (i.e. pollutant contents of heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds). Characterisation of slags from a representative national plant has shown that an average concentration of pollutants very close to...
Abstract
On the basis of experiments in a laboratory scale a process flowsheet for a combined biotic and abiotic leaching process to treat Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cu containing sludges from galvanic industries is proposed. The leaching circuit consists of a bioreactor unit, a leaching stage, two washing steps, and a metal recovery process. Bioleaching was performed with pure cultures of Thiobacillus thiooxidans and T. ferrooxidans. Highest leaching efficiencies were obtained with mixed cultures thereof. The process...
The CT-FLUAPUR process developed by CT Environment Ltd detoxifies fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators and produces recyclable raw materials. Up to now, MSW incinerator fly ash has to be deposited in strictly controlled landfills because of its high content of leachable heavy metals. However, landfilling can hardly be accepted in view of a sustainable waste management. The residues should rather be recycled, for example by separating the heavy metals from the inert residue matrix. We have reached...
Abstract
In this study, Cu2+ and Pb2+ were selected as the model metal ions to investigate the feasibility of metal removal from wastewater. Results showed that the cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of fly ashes increased with increasing the carbon content. The adsorption amounts of metal ions onto the surfaces of fly ashes were in proportion to the carbon contents. This is because the amounts of adsorption or ion exchange sites on carbon soot are higher than those on mineral surface and is in...
Heavy metals were evaporated from filter ashes (FA) of municipal solid waste incineration in the hot zone of a thermochromatographic tube to test the possibility of heavy metal separation by fractionated condensation. With help of the theoretical sublimation enthalpies and the experimental condensation temperatures a model was developed to predict the speciation in the gas phase and to interpret the observed condensation behavior. The condensation behavior strongly depends on the composition of the carrier gas...
Electrostatic precipitation has been a reliable technology since the early 1900`s. Originally developed to abate serious smoke nuisances, the manufacturers of zinc, copper, and lead quickly found electric gas cleaning a cost efficient way to recover valuable product carried out of the stacks from furnace operations. Today electrostatic precipitators are found mainly on large power plants, cement plants, incinerators, and various boiler application.
In the wood products industry, the dry electrostatic precipitator...
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