This paper deals with evaluation of suitable fuel for a 4–stroke single–cylinder diesel engine operated at steady state amongst three fuels - petrodiesel (PD), palm biodiesel (PB) and karanja biodiesel (KB) - through exergy, economic and thermoeconomic analyses. Based on exegy analysis, PB is found to be the best fuel with highest exergetic efficiencies 26.02%. However, PD evolves to be best fuel based on economic analysis with its cost rate of product as 0.025 rupees/s. This invites application of thermoeconomic analysis for better justification on selection of the fuel. The thermoeconomic analysis, based on the thermoeconomic model developed for this purpose using exergy costing approach, has been performed and found that PD is the best fuel followed by PB and then KB. The cost rate of product exergy for PD is found to be 0.026 rupees/s, and the cost rate associated with exergy destruction for PD is found to be 0.02 rupees/s.
Despite the abrupt emergence of biofuels, little is known about how they will affect human wellbeing – especially the welfare of the most vulnerable groups, such as the poor populations. In order to understand the pathways of impact through which biofuels ultimately affects human well-being, a well-framed and theoretically-consistent quantitative framework is needed, which accounts for both market-level interactions, as well as micro-level adjustments to shocks that imposed on local economies as well as to...
Elemental composition of biodiesel is required for product quality control, auto-engine life, emissions control, and researching appropriate additives. We studied the use of microwave assisted acid digestion reaction system to prepare neat biodiesel (B100) samples in an aqueous medium for ICP-OES analyses. Biodiesel produced by a transesterification reaction was subjected to the test method for metal and non-metal elemental analyses using calibration standards prepared in an aqueous solution. Significant correlatio...
Rising prices of diesel fuel are creating a market for alternative sources. One of those sources is diesel fuel derived from vegetable oil. Diesel fuel made from plants has the potential to contain glycerols in the form of free glycerin, mono, di and tri glycerides. These compounds have been found to be detrimental to diesel engines so they must be removed prior to use.
ASTM-6584 requires a two internal standard, five-point calibration curve to be generated for free Glycerine, Monoglycerides, Diglycerides and...
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Oregon agencies are active in supporting an infrastructure to develop a biodiesel industry with sufficient feedstocks, financing, processing equipment and public policies.
A BIODIESEL INDUSTRY in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) could improve rural economies, protect national security and decrease greenhouse gas emissions, says an overview report from the Oregon Department of Agriculture. In Oregon, canola, rapeseed, mustard and a few other crops are most applicable to production and...
Intention, Goal, Scope, Background. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) involves some subjectivity and uncertainty, especially with new technologies and future scenarios. With the intention of analyzing the life cycle impacts of future fuel cell vehicles and fuels, the Fuel Cell Vehicle Modeling Program at the Institute of Transportation Studies developed a very robust and interesting model - the Fuel Upstream Energy and Emission Model (FUEEM). In order to demonstrate the process adopted, three different fuel cell...
Conflicting messages about how the oil industry should respond to climate change and manage its reputation have been sent out by the heads of three oil majors - ExxonMobil, Shell and ChevronTexaco. None foresees a challenge to the supremacy of oil and gas for the next three decades - but on many other issues the transatlantic rift runs deep.
ExxonMobil remains the target for a global campaign by environmentalists who see it as one of the main architects of the Bush administration`s resistance to concerted...
EU greenhouse gas emissions rose for the second successive year in 2001, raising concerns over progress towards targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The European Commission has responded with a call for `additional measures` to cut emissions from industry, transport and products.
Under the Kyoto Protocol, the EU signed up to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 8% below the 1990 level by 2008-12. The overall target was carved up between Member States in a `burden-sharing` agreement which was made legally binding...
Abstract
Stockholm Energi is the main supplier of district heating and electricity in the city of Stockholm. A systems analysis of introducing flue gas condensing and solar heating in the southern part of Stockholm was made. In this, annual flows of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus were studied. An Excel based simulation model was developed for calculations and presentation of results. A combination of flue gas condensing, solar heating and long term heat storage would decrease the flow of the studied...
Developments in the world of biobased products and bioenergy have flourished in recent years, as reported by sources such as The Carbohydrate Economy newsletter, the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service, the New Uses Council, and In Business magazine, among others. But while each new use for crop residues or another cellulosic ethanol project brings encouragement to sustainability proponents, the biomass and biofuels arena remains small and fragmented compared to the status quo of virgin materials and petroleum-bas...
Head of Unit `Energy Consumption Technology`
At the onset of the Fourth Framework Programme for Community research and technological development including demonstration, a ten year fuel cell strategy for Europe was published in 1995 jointly by DG XII (Directorate General for Science, Research and Development) and DG XVII (Directorate General for Energy). The interest of the European Community for such a technology was previously highlighted in the Council Decision of 23.11.1994 defining the scope of JOULE/THERMIE...
` Poor air quality due to pollution is a serious environmental problem in most urban areas. The greatest burden of pollution is on human health. Urban air quality management requires an integrated approach that (i) identifies the most serious problems and measures that offer cost-effective and feasible solutions across a range of economic sectors and pollution sources including industries, utilities, traffic and households; and (ii) builds a consensus among key stakeholders concerning environmental objectives,...
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