fuel cell membrane Articles
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Thermodynamic modelling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
This paper presents the thermodynamic modelling of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell at various operating conditions through energy and exergy analyses. In addition, the correlations and equations available in literature were used to determine thermodynamic irreversibilities in the PEM fuel cell at different operating conditions such as cell temperature, pressures of anode and cathode, ...
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Engineering models for fuel cell production management
Membrane electrode assemblies are the key components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The future demand for this product could grow exponentially if key technical challenges are successfully addressed including low cost mass production and reliable customer order fulfilment. This study reports on a multidisciplinary team effort to formulate and apply engineering models for managing the ...
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Effects of some micro-level exergetic parameters of a PEMFC on the environment and sustainability
This paper deals with studying the effects of some micro-level exergetic parameters of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) on macro-level environmental pollution and sustainability. For this purpose, various exergetic, environmental and sustainability parameters of a PEMFC are investigated based on its operating and technical conditions. Consequently, these parameters may be utilised ...
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Nanoporous Pt
n+–CeOxcatalyst films grown on carbon substratesDeposition of the Pt doped cerium oxide catalyst layers on carbon nanotubes and flat carbon substrates by magnetron sputtering leads to growth of solid solution films composed of nanorods oriented perpendicularly to the substrate surface forming fractal like highly porous structure. The films contain only cationic Pt2+ and Pt4+. Cerium oxide is partially reduced. The catalyst films reveal high ...
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Corrosion and contact resistance measurements of different bipolar plate material for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Different types of commercial stainless steels (SS316, SS310 and incoloy 800), poco graphite, composite graphite, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide and carbide base coating on aluminum substrate using thermal spray technique were evaluated as metallic bipolar plate in terms of Interfacial Contact Resistance (ICR) and corrosion resistance in a solution simulating the environment of a bipolar ...
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A PEM fuel cell temperature controller design using a thermal equivalent circuit model
In order to control a temperature in the fuel cell system, a thermal equivalent circuit model for PEM fuel cells and its control algorithms are presented. By defining temperature as a state, the energy balance model can be established so that feedback control algorithm can be directly employed. The details of the design of the thermal equivalent circuit model and its control scheme are provided ...
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Effect of various micro-porous layer preparation methods on the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been widely studied and discussed in the field of energy owing to their high energy efficiency and low waste emissions. A PEMFC uses hydrogen gas as a fuel, and works by causing hydrogen ions to link up with oxygen, producing liquid water as its sole by-product. The design of a PEMFC's micro-porous layer (MPL) can not only enhance cell ...
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Characterisation of two-phase flow and its impact on the performance of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell stack
Water management is one of the most critical issues for high-performance Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A flow network model was developed to study the possibility of two-phase flow inception along the gas flow channels in the cathode side of a PEM fuel cell stack. The conventional Darcy-Weisbach equation and homogeneous flow model are used to estimate the pressure distributions ...
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Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) Activation Procedures
Why is an activation procedure or break-in necessary for a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)? A large reason for performing an activation procedure or break-in is to properly humidify the membrane portion of the MEA that was dried out during the hot press stage of the membrane electrode assembly(MEA) production. MEAs will not work well when they are not fully humidified (see article: Why is ...
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A Finite Element Method analysis and optimisation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with interdigitated flow field design
Interdigitated polymer electrolyte fuel cells are particularly attractive due to the enhanced transport rates and benefits with respect to electrode flooding. A 2D isothermal model is used to simulate the outlining processes that occur at the elemental fuel cell level. A Finite Element Method analysis is conducted to simulate the flow and current density fields for different gas channel ...
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Developments in Auxiliary Power for Vehicles
Fuel cells are widely recognised as a technology of the future and as a potential replacement for the internal combustion engine in cars and other vehicles.This article looks at the potential for fuel cells to provide auxiliary power to vehicles, rather than primary motive power. Today, hydrogen-fuelled proton exchange membrane (PEM) type fuel cells, as illustrated in Figure 1, are ...
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In-situ investigation of the cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry
Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) involves applying a potential across an electrochemical cell and measuring the resulting current while concurrently analyzing gas products with a mass spectrometer. We used DEMS to investigate the mechanism of carbon support corrosion (CSC) in-situ at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The cathode exhaust gases were ...
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Reviewing the factors affecting regenerative molten carbonate fuel cells
To evaluate the possibility to use molten carbonate fuel cell technology for high temperature electrolysis, the factors affecting the electrode reactions have been examined by surveying the published literature. The literature results showed that H2, CO2 and CO evolved as cathode off–gases and O2 as anode gas. At low polarisation, the discharge of oxide ions to O2 was the only anodic process; ...
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Controlling methanogenesis and improving power production of microbial fuel cell by lauric acid dosing
Methanogens compete with anodophiles for substrate and thus reduce the power generation and coulombic efficiency (CE) of the microbial fuel cell (MFC). Performance of a baked clayware membrane MFC inoculated with mixed anaerobic sludge pretreated with lauric acid was investigated in order to enhance power recovery by controlling methanogenesis. In the presence of lauric acid pretreated ...
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Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)-functionalised silica composite membranes for applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and its composites are explored as potential alternatives for Nafion in fuel cell applications. In this work, we investigate the effects of the silica functionalisation route on the thermal, mechanical and structural properties of SPEEK-Silica composite membranes. We compare two different methods – direct sulfonation and ...
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Simultaneous production and separation of biohydrogen in mixed culture systems by continuous dark fermentation
Hydrogen production by dark fermentation is one promising technology. However, there are challenges in improving the performance and efficiency of the process. The important factors that must be considered to obtain a suitable process are the source of the inoculum and its pre-treatment, types of substrates, the reactor configurations and the hydrogen partial pressure. Furthermore, to obtain ...
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Hydrogen purification with palladium and palladium alloys on porous stainless steel membranes
Hydrogen purification membranes have been prepared via a simultaneous electroless plating of Pd and Ag on a 0.5 ?m media grade Porous Stainless Steel (PSS). Effects of the electroless bath temperature, composition, annealing time and temperature were studied while developing the Pd coating. Very low but measurable N2 fluxes were seen, ranging from 0.010 to 0.020 cm?/cm?-min at temperatures ...
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PHILOS and Blue FC Announce R&D and Business Cooperation to Revolutionize Fuel Cell Technology
PHILOS, a leading membrane technology manufacturing company, and Blue FC, a fuel cell system company, have announced a ground-breaking R&D and business cooperation that is set to revolutionize the fuel cell industry. The CEOs of both companies, Dr. Jeong-Hak Kim of PHILOS and Dr. Yong Sheen Hwang of Blue FC, have agreed to work together to develop innovative solutions using PHILOS's advanced ...
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Fuel cell–based distributed generation system with power flow and power quality control
This paper presents the modelling and control of fuel cell–based distributed generation system with embedded active filter functioning. It includes the modelling of proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell and the power conditioning unit interfacing the fuel cell to the utility grid with proper power flow control. The output of the fuel cell stack is given to the DC–DC boost converter ...
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Commercial Demonstration of a PEM Fuel Cell for Power Generation
The chlor-alkali industry, one of the largest chemical industries in India and growing at an annual rate of 3.3%, is expected to grow along with the growing Indian economy. This MW size proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell product captures hydrogen produced in the chlor-alkali industry to create on site electricity and provide plant operators up to 20% of electricity savings. The electricity ...
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