hydrogen fuel production Articles
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Hydrogen energy for the transportation sector in China
Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier for providing a clean, reliable and affordable energy supply. This paper provides a blueprint for the hydrogen energy in the transportation sector in the future of China. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part answers this question: why is China interested in hydrogen energy? The second part describes the possibility of a hydrogen fuel cell ...
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Sources and technology for hydrogen production: a review
A comprehensive review of various processes and possible sources of hydrogen production are discussed in this paper. The various process for hydrogen production reviewed includes industrial process i.e. steam reforming, thermal cracking, partial oxidation of fossil fuels, coal gasification, electrolysis, thermochemical etc. and new emerging processes like photolysis, photo-voltaic electrolysis, ...
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Potential applications of amorphous/metallic glassy alloys as hydrogen-permeable membranes for hydrogen production and bipolar plates for PEFC
The potential of amorphous/metallic glassy alloys as hydrogen-permeable membranes for hydrogen production and as bipolar plates for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs) was investigated in this paper. Firstly, the hydrogen permeation of the melt-spun (Ni0.6Nb0.4)70Zr30-xTax (x = 5, 10, 15, 20 at%) alloys was measured. As a result, it was found that the hydrogen permeability of the alloys ...
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Hydrogen production technology for powering civil and industrial systems: a review
Partial use of alternative energy exemplified by hydrogen energy is expected to reduce negative impacts associated with the current dependence on fossil energy and bring net gain to regional and national economies. Hydrogen has emission levels that are far below the existing and possibly, future standards. Hydrogen energy may enhance energy security and perhaps allay concerns some concerns about ...
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Combating global warming via non-fossil fuel energy options
Non-fossil fuel energy options can help reduce or eliminate the emissions of greenhouse gases and are needed to combat climate change. Three distinct ways in which non-fossil fuel options can be used in society are examined here: the capture/production of non-fossil fuel energy sources, their conversion into appropriate energy carriers and increased efficiency throughout the life cycle. ...
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Commercial Demonstration of a PEM Fuel Cell for Power Generation
The chlor-alkali industry, one of the largest chemical industries in India and growing at an annual rate of 3.3%, is expected to grow along with the growing Indian economy. This MW size proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell product captures hydrogen produced in the chlor-alkali industry to create on site electricity and provide plant operators up to 20% of electricity savings. The electricity ...
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Polygeneration-IGCC concepts for the production of hydrogen rich fuels based on lignite
This paper presents three IGCC-power plant concepts for central production of a hydrogen-rich fuel (methanol, hydrogen, synthetic natural gas ? SNG) from lignite. Each concept contains a CO2-separation, which produces a sequestration-ready CO2-rich stream. Thus, CO2-emissions caused by use of lignite are considerably reduced. Furthermore, the produced low-carbon fuels are converted in ...
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Solar powered solid oxide fuel cell with thermoelectric generator
Durable, location independent, environmental–friendly sources of energy which allow for modular, few moving parts, low operating noise, high electricity generation efficiency and compact technology are highly desirable. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising for such energy system development, since they are energy efficient and, if pure hydrogen is used, have virtually no emissions of ...
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The hydrogen loop: the means for making the hydrogen economy realistic
The hydrogen economy has already started with the introduction of the Ovonic nickel metal hydride battery, which has enabled the rapid growth of hybrid vehicles. Reversible storage of hydrogen in a solid hydride permits the entire loop of hydrogen generation, storage and use, all of which have been placed some time in the future. It is often stated that the hydrogen infrastructure does not exist ...
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Michelangelo Network recommendations on nuclear hydrogen production
The Michelangelo Network (MICANET) was started within the 5th EURATOM Framework Programme (FP5) with the objective to elaborate a general European R&D strategy for the further development of the nuclear industry in the short, medium, and long term. To broaden the application range of nuclear power beyond dedicated electricity generation, the network proposed an orientation for future EURATOM ...
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Reviewing the factors affecting regenerative molten carbonate fuel cells
To evaluate the possibility to use molten carbonate fuel cell technology for high temperature electrolysis, the factors affecting the electrode reactions have been examined by surveying the published literature. The literature results showed that H2, CO2 and CO evolved as cathode off–gases and O2 as anode gas. At low polarisation, the discharge of oxide ions to O2 was the only anodic process; ...
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Preparation and characterization of nickel based catalysts for partial oxidation of methane
Hydrogen, which can be used in many fields without polluting the environment, is thought to be the cleanest fuel source of 21th century. Therefore, low cost production, facile storage and transportation of hydrogen are important research subjects that are investigated by many universities and related commercial facilities. Steam-hydrocarbon reforming is the major hydrogen production process ...
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Is nuclear power more competitive producing electricity or hydrogen?
Steam methane reforming is the world's dominant hydrogen production technology, using natural gas as both feedstock and fuel, but producing more than 9 kg of CO2 for each kilogram of H2. Natural gas prices between $6 and $8/GJ yield an average hydrogen production cost between $12 and $15/GJ, excluding the cost of CO2. High-temperature gas reactors, e.g. the modular helium reactor, can be ...
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Vitale renewable hydrogen project - Case study
The first commercial project of renewable hydrogen production in Spain, was born as a solution for the conditions of pollution in the country, where waste from human activity and industrial or biological processes have raised the levels of pollution to become harmful for people and environment. Besides, it arose due to the development of hydrogen technology and fuel cells in general, and its ...
By INDHO
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Key Questions for Analysts of Energy Balances and Other Policy Analyses
Untitled Document The United States imports approximately one third of its energy sources, mostly in the form of petroleum. 1 Heightened interest in finding alternative fuels, and thus reducing the U.S. reliance on imported oil, was reflected in the 2005 Energy Policy Act.2 However, in some cases, the production of alternative fuels may itself require a ...
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Renewable Energy Systems - Case Study
Overview Generating renewable electricity is an important way to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and many countries are installing wind and solar power plants to help meet targets for cutting CO2. One drawback of these energy sources is their variability: the wind tends to blow intermittently and solar power is only available during the daytime. Hence renewable power plants either have to ...
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Producing Hydrogen via Electrolysis
Electrolysis has been gaining momentum in recent times as an option for carbon-free hydrogen production from both nuclear and renewable sources. Electrolysis uses electricity to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen inside a unit called an electrolyzer. This article will outline the process of electrolysis, how it works, and its ...
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New life for the artificial leaf?
Research in laboratories around the world is moving the promise of artificial photosynthesis closer to reality Sandwiched between rows of bottled chemicals and racks of drying glassware on the third floor of Harvard University’s Mallinckrodt laboratory, four thumbnail-size bits of pinstriped silicon hang from a thin metal wire like T-shirts on a clothesline. For something with the ...
By Ensia
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Hydrogen production through chemical looping using NiO/NiAl2O4 as oxygen carrier
A new autothermal route to produce hydrogen from natural gas via chemical looping technology was investigated. Nowadays, 90% of the worldwide produced hydrogen comes from fossil fuels, the most common process being Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), which produces several kg of CO2 equivalent per kg of hydrogen. In classic SMR technology, most of the greenhouse gases are vented to the atmosphere. ...
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Towards an European Fuel Cell Strategy
Head of Unit 'Energy Consumption Technology' At the onset of the Fourth Framework Programme for Community research and technological development including demonstration, a ten year fuel cell strategy for Europe was published in 1995 jointly by DG XII (Directorate General for Science, Research and Development) and DG XVII (Directorate General for Energy). The interest of the European Community ...
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