nuclear accident Articles
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Myths, symbols, society and nuclear energy
Today, can we really ascertain whether Humanity has effectively derived more good than evil from the discovery of radioactivity a century ago? The answer hinges on the judgement that we and our fellow–citizens make about the impact of the applications of nuclear physics, by reference to a number of fundamental values: the concern to preserve our planet, its inhabitants and its environment; ...
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The effects of emergencies and nuclear power–related knowledge flow: from the example of Fukushima crisis
Emergencies, nuclear power accidents, not only change people's perception about risk of nuclear technology, but also influence the flow of nuclear power–related knowledge between different groups and among people in communities. However, the content of knowledge, the directions and effectiveness of the knowledge flow were varied leading to different results of the knowledge flow. This paper ...
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A dangerous recourse? A critical relook at Section 17 of the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010
The newly created regime for civil liability for nuclear damage in India has been a fertile source of controversy. Section 17 of the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 and Rule 24 of the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Rules, 2011 are of particular interest, as they provide for the right of recourse, i.e. the extent to which suppliers of nuclear material can be held liable for ...
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The influence of knowledge flow and power on nuclear power decision–making: the case of Fukushima
The Fukushima nuclear power plant accident left a question to people: what kinds of approaches should be taken towards nuclear energy in the future? The decisions have to be made. There were different answers to the question from different governments. In order to understand the factors which influenced the decision–making, the Fukushima nuclear plant accident was used as an example to explore ...
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A study on a systematic method for evaluating values of raised concerns
The objective of this study is to develop a methodology that can externalise potential concerns and evaluate the values of the concerns raised in corporations. By implementing this methodology into corporate governance, it is expected to improve the work environment and enhance the capability for the corporate governance through supporting the internal autonomic purification. This study comprises ...
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Validation of the concept of default operational intervention levels in nuclear reactor accidents by Monte Carlo calculations
The concept of Operational Intervention Levels (OILs) is introduced by the IAEA to predict a dose to an individual in the case of a nuclear reactor accident. Deterministic calculations on the averted dose lead to a single number only. Large uncertainties are associated with such predictions, because many parameters have an inherent uncertainty and variability. For these reasons, Monte Carlo (MC) ...
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Safety analysis of a VVER-440 spent fuel storage pool
Numerical analysis has been carried out for the spent fuel pools of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), where the fuel assemblies are stored for several years after discharge from the reactor. The performed calculations covered both severe and design basis accidents. The results indicated that the spent fuel pool accidents may have severe consequences. For this reason new procedures have been ...
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Iterative methods for solving space-time one dimensional multigroup diffusion equations
The numerical methods of Successive Overrelaxation (SOR), Successive-Line Overrelaxation (SLOR) and Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) are used in this research to solve space-time one-dimensional diffusion equations. The results of this research have been compared with the ANL-Benchmark Problem BSS-6-A2. In general, the results are in agreement with the Argonne National Laboratory Benchmark ...
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Chemical kinetics parameters of nuclear graphite gasification
This paper provides chemical kinetics parameters for the gasification of nuclear graphite grades of IG–110, IG–430, NBG–18 and NBG–25 and presents empirical correlations for their surface areas of free active sites as a function of mass. The kinetics parameters for the four elementary chemical reactions of gasification of these grades of nuclear graphite include the values ...
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Particle swarm optimisation applied to nuclear engineering problems
Evolutionary computation (EC) techniques, and more specifically genetic algorithms (GA) and their variations, have been efficiently applied to many complex problems found in the nuclear engineering field. Such methods have been shown to be robust and efficient, but highly time consuming. Other population-based methods have been proposed as alternatives to these traditional EC techniques. The ...
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Political support for nuclear power in Central Europe
Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, nuclear energy has been under increased media scrutiny. The focus is mainly on Germany and the radical transformation of the position on nuclear energy in that country. To understand and potentially predict the development, however, the situation needs to be viewed from a wider Central European perspective. Polarisation of countries' attitudes ...
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The perception of risk on human health from nuclear power among educated Swedish young adults: a pilot qualitative study
This paper aims at exploring how young adults in Sweden perceive the risk of nuclear power on human health. Purposive sampling technique was applied to recruit study subjects who were individually interviewed. Manifest and latent content analysis of the interview narratives were applied. All the informants perceive nuclear power as a source of risk but they differed in their assessment of risk ...
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An empirical study of nuclear power–related knowledge flow after Fukushima
Fukushima nuclear power plant accident has become a hot topic in debates among professional communities. It also caused knowledge searching and knowledge sharing among social groups. However, there is a lack of empirical studies investigating nuclear power–related knowledge flow in social communities. This paper examines nuclear power–related knowledge flow by focusing on the case of college ...
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A new world governance for nuclear safety after Fukushima?
Over several decades of operation of nuclear power plants, the world nuclear community has built progressively an international regime to govern the safety of such plants. Starting from a time when nuclear safety was generally considered as an exclusive domestic responsibility, the evolution in this direction has been slow and uneven. Accidents have had to serve as a catalyst to mitigate the ...
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Strategic aspects of aging nuclear infrastructure: game theory and the Chernobyl event
Game theory can provide an analytical framework for investigation of the strategic conflicts surrounding critical infrastructure. Immediately after the 1986 Chernobyl event, for example, plant management, political appointees and world media struggled over the timing and accuracy of information release. The aging of nuclear power plants and the increasing difficulties faced by management and ...
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Safety assessment of iodine and hydrogen released during a severe accident in a pressurised water reactor
In the case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant, iodine is considered one of the most important fission products, from the health effect point of view, and hydrogen represents a great risk to the containment integrity. Using the containment spray system, to reduce the amount of iodine released to the environment, may increase the probability of hydrogen combustion by condensing steam. ...
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A demonstration of the comparative radiological safety of commercial nuclear power generation in the USA
The most emotionally gripping topic of the debate over expansion of commercial nuclear power in the USA centres on the threat of radiological harm to the public from a commercial nuclear power plant accident. The perseverance of the radiation fear issue is reviewed herein, followed by summarisation of the expanded knowledge of reactor safety over the last 30 years. Analyses of maximum population ...
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Impact factors of public attitudes towards nuclear power development: a questionnaire survey in China
Fukushima nuclear accident gave an alarm to the security of nuclear plant. From the viewpoints of climate change, energy security and environmental values, this study investigates public attitudes towards nuclear power in China. The key point of this investigation is attitude analysis, which indicates that the attitudes towards nuclear power are complex and uncertain. Introducing "unconditional ...
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The possibility of determining of anomalies and pathologies in the offspring of liquidators of Chernobyl accident by non–radiation factors
Hereditary effects of radiation on people are not revealed and estimations for humans have been carried out by extrapolation from mutagenesis of irradiated mice (UNSCEAR). Nevertheless, in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus disturbance and pathologies are found in the children of liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station. Authors connect effects only with irradiation (basically ...
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Improvement in modelling ZED–2 critical experiments using WIMS–AECL/RFSP
The ZED–2 experiments were used for the validation of the WIMS–AECL/RFSP code suite. Two RFSP models (using the cross–sections provided by the WIMS–AECL lattice code) were constructed; one model used for calculations of regions just up to the critical heights, while the other model simulated explicitly the unmoderated region (called Improved Model herein). Results of the comparison between these ...
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