power plant safety Articles
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Public perception and attitude of the young generation towards nuclear energy and its safety in South Korea
Safety of nuclear power plants became a primary concern after the Fukushima accident. Public perception and attitude towards nuclear power has been considered an important factor that can influence the future development of nuclear energy. However, there are few empirical researches studying those issues. To explore those issues, this paper uses data collected from sets of interviews with ...
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Nuclear power plant on-line sensor calibration monitoring implementation issues
The use of empirical models for on-line monitoring (OLM) of safety-critical instrumentation for calibration reduction has been investigated for over a decade. To help support the regulatory review of possible licence amendments for US nuclear power plants, a series of three NUREG/CRs is being developed for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The third of these volumes, entitled 'Limiting Case ...
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Failure possibilities for nuclear safety assessment by fault tree analysis
Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive tool to assess the safety of nuclear power plants. This analysis can only be implemented if all basic events in the tree have their corresponding failure rates. Therefore, safety analysts have to provide those failure rates well in advance. However, it is often difficult to obtain those failure rates due to insufficient data, changing environment or new ...
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Regulations and standards for the measurement of performance and management of ageing of I&C systems of nuclear power plants
Instrumentation and Control (I&C) equipment is vital to the safety and viability of nuclear power plants. This equipment must provide accurate and timely measurements of plant control and safety systems to ensure efficient operation and guard against mishaps. Given this, numerous regulations, standards and guidelines have been devised to formulate requirements and establish maintenance methods to ...
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Safety analysis of a VVER-440 spent fuel storage pool
Numerical analysis has been carried out for the spent fuel pools of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), where the fuel assemblies are stored for several years after discharge from the reactor. The performed calculations covered both severe and design basis accidents. The results indicated that the spent fuel pool accidents may have severe consequences. For this reason new procedures have been ...
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Harmonisation of safety rules: can existing nuclear power plants be forced to comply with new requirements?
This paper, based on a survey in nine countries, deals with the way in which different countries impose new requirements on existing nuclear power plants. This is a question that will often arise when national regulations are revised in a process of international harmonisation. It will be shown that new requirements can be divided into three categories with different justifications and different ...
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Reflections on regulatory oversight of nuclear power plants
A regulatory body acts as a representative for society to ensure that the operation of nuclear facilities do not introduce any undue threats. Typical regulatory tasks include the definition of safety requirements, the inspections needed to ensure that they are adhered to and the imposing of sanctions if violations are detected. Regulatory oversight is anchored in national legislation, which is ...
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Evaluation of the programme for long–term operation for safety requirements during operational safety
The programme for long–term operation (LTO) in the nuclear power plant (NPP) installations is one of the essential nuclear safety concerns. It may be defined as an operation beyond an established time frame set forth by, for example, licence term, design, standards, licence and/or regulations, which has been justified by safety assessment, with consideration given to life–limiting processes and ...
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Licensing the next generation of reactors in the USA: recent experience, key issues and challenges
Over the past 20 years, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has spent much effort on revising its procedures for reviewing nuclear power plant designs. Earlier procedures, instituted by the NRC's predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission, permitted the resolution of important safety and environmental issues to be delayed until construction was underway. Moreover, the principal means of ...
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Regulatory guidance on safety reviews of nuclear power plants in Germany: a survey of accomplished and current PSA activities
This paper describes the key points of the completed and ongoing regulatory activities in order to revise the existing guide on probabilistic safety analyses (PSA guide) and its corresponding technical documents, both as parts of sublegal regulations in Germany. The German PSA guide covers the fundamental requirements concerning the execution of PSAs in the frame of comprehensive safety reviews. ...
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An empirical study of nuclear power–related knowledge flow after Fukushima
Fukushima nuclear power plant accident has become a hot topic in debates among professional communities. It also caused knowledge searching and knowledge sharing among social groups. However, there is a lack of empirical studies investigating nuclear power–related knowledge flow in social communities. This paper examines nuclear power–related knowledge flow by focusing on the case of college ...
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On system validity, quasi-experiments, and safety: a critique of NUREG/CR-6393
Based on the methods of Cook and Campbell (1979), a quasi-experimental validation model for complex human–machine systems has been recommended for the final evaluation of nuclear power plant control rooms (O'Hara et al., 1997). This model-based approach to validating systems and assuring safety is critiqued in terms of experimental theory and engineering practice. It is concluded that the model ...
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Sabotage vulnerability of nuclear power plants
There have been many recent studies of nuclear security focusing on terrorist assault, but this paper discusses methods equal in catastrophic potential: sabotage by individuals with a detailed knowledge of security procedures, plant layout and the functional nature of the critical components of a nuclear power plant. The paper looks only at sabotage without explosives or using very small amounts ...
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Thermodynamics of a desalination system at nuclear power stations
Nuclear power engineering is developing steadily in industrial countries. This is caused by features of using nuclear fuel and high environmental safety of nuclear power stations. At the same time, the thermodynamic efficiency of nuclear power stations is lower than indices of thermal power stations operating on gas, coal or oil fuel. This efficiency does not usually exceed 30–35%. Hence more ...
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Accident analysis for nuclear power plants with modular high temperature gas cooled reactors
This report on modular high temperature gas cooled reactors (modular HTGRs) is intended to supplement the IAEA Safety Standards Series. The publications in this series related to the present report are the Safety Requirements on Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design [1] and the Safety Guide on Safety Assessment and Verification for Nuclear Power Plants [2]. Clarification of the accident analysis ...
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Accident analysis for nuclear power plants with modular high temperature gas cooled reactors
BACKGROUND This report on modular high temperature gas cooled reactors (modular HTGRs) is intended to supplement the IAEA Safety Standards Series. The publications in this series related to the present report are the Safety Requirements on Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design [1] and the Safety Guide on Safety Assessment and Verification for Nuclear Power Plants [2]. Clarification of the ...
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Design of thermal-hydraulic cooling in nanoscale environment of lunar nuclear power plant
The thermal-hydraulic design in the Moon is constructed for heat exchange by radiation heat transfer. The optimised length for the cooling loop is obtained for the safety aspect, which can show the reliability of the performance. The nanoscale content of the lunar environment gives a different kind of cooling substance from the Earth. Coolant of reactor core is made by potassium and that of the ...
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Identification of a VVER horizontal steam generator using recurrent neural networks
Although a large number of simulations have been developed for U-tube steam generators in Western pressurised water reactors, no suitable models yet exist for horizontal steam generators in VVER-type nuclear power plants. This research aims to use RELAP5 thermohydraulic code data to identify a horizontal steam generator via an intelligent structure named Nonlinear Auto Regression with eXogenous ...
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Some advantages of nuclear fuel in spherical form for nuclear power plants
This paper presents the pre-eminent features of a new generation of nuclear reactors in comparison with existing generations, such as safety operation, non-release of radioactive materials into the environment under any conditions, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and suitability for developing countries. The paper also presents some results on the physical features related to fuel burn-up, ...
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Emergency zoning around nuclear power plants in Slovakia
This paper presents summary information on emergency preparedness and planning in Slovakia. Safety policy, current and possible future requirements to the emergency on-site plans, off-site plans and emergency transport orders, as well as to the documentation, their regular updating and review are summarised. National emergency preparedness organisation, zones used, and special and technical ...
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