Surface modified BaTiO 3 -polystyrene nanocomposites for energy storage
Major research efforts have been focused towards developing high dielectric constant (
ε
), low loss (tan
δ
) and high electrical breakdown dielectrics for energy storage capacitors. Combining the low cost, ease of processing and high breakdown field strength (BDS) of polymers with the high
ε
ceramic fillers will result in high-energy storage capacitors. Herein, we show progress in developing low cost, low weight and high electrical energy storage capacitors by mixing polystyrene (PS,
mw
= 177,000 g/mol) and hydroxyl-BaTiO
3
nanoparticles (
h
-BT, ~50 nm) in a highly polar solvent (DMF) on weight percent basis. Surface modification of crude-BT(
c
-BT) by H
2
O
2
resulted in
h
-BT, which renders
h
-BT highly dispersed due to the surface hydroxyl functional groups. Ceramic-polymer nanocomposites (80PS-20
h
BT and 20PS-80
h
BT) exhibited relatively high BDS (~475 kV/cm and 247 kV/cm) and a large
ε
(~13 and 40). Room temperature (300 K) energy density values for PS, 80PS-20
h
BT, 20PS-80
h
BT and
h
-BT are 4.33, 0.12, 0.10 and 0.36 J/cm
3
, respectively.
Keywords: dielectrics, energy storage, polymers, nanocomposites, capacitors.
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