232 Articles found
IWA Publishing Articles
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Evaluation of initial collision-attachment efficiency between carbon dioxide bubbles and algae particles for separation and harvesting
Microalgae have been regarded as a pollutant causing algal blooms in lakes or reservoirs but have recently been considered as a useful source of biomass to produce biofuel or feed for livestock. For the algae particle separation process, carbon ...
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Sorption of cadmium in columns of sand-supported hydrothermally carbonized particles
Sanitation in urban slums, especially in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, is a challenge. One of the solutions to sanitation is to valorize waste, and to convert bio-waste present in the slum in a cheap and affordable way into lignite via ...
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Hyporheic water exchange in a large hydropower-regulated boreal river – directions and rates
Widespread river regulation is known to modify river-aquifer interactions, influencing entire watersheds, but knowledge of the hyporheic flowpath along regulated rivers is limited. This study measured the hydraulic conductivity of the river bed ...
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An assessment of reservoir filling policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Africa's largest hydropower facility is currently under construction on the main stem of the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is poised to facilitate regional development with a 63 billion cubic meter ...
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Modelling start-up performance of anaerobic digestion of saline-rich macro-algae
Some of the key factors affecting the adaptation of anaerobic digestion processes to increasing levels of salinity were determined in batch tests using brown seaweed as a feedstock. It was found that cultures seeded with non-saline anaerobic ...
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Biodiesel production by microalgae cultivated using permeate from membrane bioreactors in continuous system
Microalgae in three submerged ceramic membrane photobioreactors (SCMPBRs) with different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were fed with permeate of a submerged ceramic membrane bioreactor for a period of 3 months to investigate the lipid content ...
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Suitability of anaerobic digestion effluent as process water for corn fuel ethanol fermentation
A corn fuel ethanol plant integrated with anaerobic digestion treatment of thin stillage increases the net energy balance. Furthermore, the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) can be reused as a potential substitute for process water in the ethanol ...
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Different types of carbon nanotube-based anodes to improve microbial fuel cell performance
The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an innovative technology for producing electricity directly from biodegradable organic matter using bacteria. Among all the influenceable factors, anode materials play a crucial role in electricity generation. ...
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Influence of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) produced by two different green unicellular algae on membrane filtration in an algae-based biofuel production process
In the present study, two strains of green algae named S1 and S2, categorized as the same species of Pseudo-coccomyxa ellipsoidea but showing 99% homology, were cultivated under the same conditions and filtrated with a microfiltration ...
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Hydrogen production from formic acid solution by modified TiO<sub>2</sub> and titanate nanotubes in a two-step system under visible light irradiation
Hydrogen gas is one of the most promising renewable energy sources, and the final product of hydrogen combustion is nothing but water. However, it is still a big challenge to produce hydrogen and store it. Many studies have been conducted into ...
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Estimation of the water footprint of sugarcane in Mexico: is ethanol production an environmentally feasible fuel option?
Energy policies are taken throughout the world to reduce fossil fuel emissions from transportation sources. Agriculturally based biofuels are currently the only alternatives to liquid fossil fuels. However, as biofuel production spreads, so too do ...
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Magnetic nanopowder as effective adsorbent for the removal of Congo Red from aqueous solution
A magnetic iron oxide nanopowder (MnP), prepared by a simple and efficient combustion synthesis technique, was tested for the removal of the anionic dye Congo Red (CR) from aqueous solution. The influence of solution pH, adsorbent dose, ...
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The use of microalgae and their culture medium for biogas production in an integrated cycle
Vinasse is a residue produced in large quantities as a sub-product of ethanol production. Anaerobic digestion of vinasse can yield large amounts of biogas, but often difficulties arise in maintaining stable operation, due to the acidity of the ...
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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate immobilized biomass system: a potential tool to maintain anammox biomass in application
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been proved to be a promising nitrogen removal method for treating ammonium-rich wastewater. However, because of the low-growth rate of anammox bacteria, maintenance of a sufficient amount of anammox ...
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Anaerobic digestion foaming in full-scale biogas plants: a survey on causes and solutions
Anaerobic digestion foaming is a common operation problem in biogas plants with negative impacts on the biogas plants economy and environment. A survey of 16 Danish full-scale biogas plants on foaming problems revealed that most of them had ...
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A methodology for a quantitative interpretation of DGGE with the help of mathematical modelling: application in biohydrogen production
Molecular biology techniques provide valuable insights in the investigation of microbial dynamics and evolution. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis is one of the most popular methods which have been used in bioprocess ...
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Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal using a litre-scale upflow microbial fuel cell
A 10 L upflow microbial fuel cell (UMFC) was constructed for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal. During the 6-month operation, the UMFC constantly removed carbon and nitrogen, and then generated electricity with synthetic wastewater as ...
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Application of super-twisting observers to the estimation of state and unknown inputs in an anaerobic digestion system
This paper presents the estimation of the unknown states and inputs of an anaerobic digestion system characterized by a two-step reaction model. The estimation is based on the measurement of the two substrate concentrations and of the outflow rate ...
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Performance of microbial fuel cells on removal of metronidazole
The microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are the focus of extensive investigation as one of the promising technologies for renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment. Two-chambered MFCs were designed to investigate the removal of metronidazole ...
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Large-scale hydropower system optimization using dynamic programming and object-oriented programming: the case of the Northeast China Power Grid
This paper examines long-term optimal operation using dynamic programming for a large hydropower system of 10 reservoirs in Northeast China. Besides considering flow and hydraulic head, the optimization explicitly includes time-varying electricity ...