INDHO Hydrogen - Storage System
Hydrogen is normally a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, consisting of diatomic molecules (H2). The hydrogen atom, H symbol, consists of a core unit of positive charge and one electron. It is one of the main elements of water and of all organic substance, and is widely distributed not only on Earth but throughout the universe. This is an elemental hydrogen. Industrialized hydrogen is needed for its use in certain sectors, where its application covers substantial industrial activities. It should be pointed out its use as a method to improve the environment and therefore, the health of people, through its introduction in the automotive sector and in the energy sector in general. In this area, INDHO gathers all its efforts: the ability to produce renewable hydrogen for its later use as an automotive fuel, electric power and thermal energy.
Types of hydrogen production
Hydrogen is a special chemical element for the energy storing, since the energy content of hydrogen has the highest energy density mass of all fuels: 120 MJ/kg.
For the production of storable and manageable hydrogen there are several technologies, such as:
Use of fossil fuels:
- Coal gasification.
- Reforming of natural gas.
- Reforming of partial oxidation of hydrocarbons.
- They are cheaper but the most pollutants from fossil fuels.
Water Electrolysis
- Water electrolysis separates oxygen and hydrogen using electrical energy. This method is the most efficient method which produces hydrogen with the highest purity. Water is the most abundant and recyclable natural resource. Hydrogen obtained from water when combined with oxygen in a fuel cell will return back to the atmosphere, being part of the water molecule.
- Hydrogen storage as a pressurized gas : It is the most commonly used method, with highly developed technology and low costs process.
- Liquid hydrogen storage : System used when it must be transported over long distances and also in the aerospace sector. The main problem is the evaporation losses: 3 to 5% per day.
- Hydrogen storage absorbed by metal hydrocarbons : The hydrogen reacts with many transition metals and their alloys forming metal hydrides. This method is currently in an advanced stage of research for commercial use.
- Hydrogen storage absorbed on surface : Carbon structures with a high surface area are used, such as carbon nanotubes. The technology is of great interest because of its storage capacity according to laboratory studies.
- Chemical storage : Alternatively, hydrogen can be stored in light chemical compounds, such as ammonia, methanol, methane or formic acid. These compounds have a high content of H in its molecule and can be used as indirect hydrogen storage.
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