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Off Grid Solar Power Systems Design:The Beginner’s Guide in 2018
The off-grid solar system is an array of solar power components meant to run daily operations of electrical devices in absence of electricity. A similar array of solar power is the use of grid-tie solar systems; systems that are required to run electric appliances whenever utility grid is not supplying power.
The grid-tie system is connected to the utility power source and works interchangeably with electric main grid power by having an auto-switch that automatically starts the grid-tie when utility grid is off.
The layout of off-grid solar power is one which is completely disconnected from the utility grid and makes available all needed electricity without extra costs. In other words, the off-grid solar system is a completely stand-alone solar power system that can run all appliance in the house without connection to the main grid power supply.
So, How Do these Solar PV System Work?
Basically, off-grid solar systems operate from a stored electromotive force (e.m.f) in lead-acid solar batteries or battery banks. The stored e.m.f, is obtained directly from photovoltaic solar panels that are erect high up above the ground to capture radiations from the sun then convert to current that is used to charge the battery bank.
The size of the panels to be used is directly proportional to the amount operational voltage required by the consumer. All power supplied for consumption is solely obtained from this battery banks and connected through the normal wiring network. The power can then be supplied around the house for both lighting and sockets.
The components that are used for off-grid system are all similar but with different ratings. These basic components are: Solar Panel (also called PV panel), a power inverter, a charge controller and a battery bank (mostly, lead-acid solar battery). The components should perfectly fit for the whole system to work. Other required components include: Copper wire, monitoring meter, circuit breaker, and fuses. See the diagram below.