Why does the lithium ion battery explode?
Lithium battery, I think we should be more rigorous. It should be called lithium-ion secondary battery. Li is the smallest diameter and most active metal on the element periodic table. If you are not sure, you can look at the periodic table “Lithium hydrogen helium beryllium boron, carbon nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon…”. Because Li has these characteristics, it is widely favored by smart scientists and engineers.
However, this is also a double-edged sword. When lithium metal is exposed to the air, it will violently oxidize with the oxygen in the air and explode. This is also a difficult problem in pre lithium. So in the daily electrode materials, we usually use alloy materials and graphite to store lithium atoms. These materials are like a small storage grid. The lithium atoms lie in it, and the larger oxygen molecules cannot enter. Their reaction will not happen, avoid explosions, and thus achieve safety purposes.
When a lithium ion battery is charged, the lithium atoms in the positive electrode will lose electrons and oxidize to lithium ions. Lithium ions to the negative electrode through the electrolyte, enter the layer structure of the negative electrode, and obtain an electron, which is reduced to lithium atoms. When discharging, the whole procedure is reversed. (This is the origin of the rocking chair battery. The rocking chair battery refers to the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery, which is the intercalation and deintercalation process of lithium ions. During the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, it is accompanied by the equivalent of lithium ions. Intercalation and deintercalation of electrons. In the process of charging and discharging, lithium ions are intercalated / deintercalated and intercalated / deintercalated between the positive and negative electrodes). In order to prevent the short circuit caused by the direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, a diaphragm with many pores is added in the battery to prevent short circuit. A good diaphragm can also automatically close the pores when the battery temperature is too high, so that lithium ions can not pass through to prevent danger.
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