What is a Pelton Wheel? The pelton wheel was invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as opposed to water’s dead weight like the traditional overshot water wheel. Many variations of impulse turbines existed prior to pelton’s design, but they were less efficient than pelton’s design. It is frequently used due to its simple design. However there are newer technologies that are just as simple and more efficient for use in micro hydro applications. We produce turgo spoons and wheels which are different than pelton wheels.

Basically, the only difference is that the turgo runner has the jet enter about 20 degrees angle to the plane of rotation. This in turn makes it possible to use a larger jet relative to the turbine pitch diameter, therefore for a given head and target rpm the turgo can handle more water and produce more power. In theory the out of plane jet angle reduces the total turning angle slightly, with a slight reduction in efficiency. In practice, at least for smaller mass produced units, the bucket profile and material make more difference than the jet entrance angle.

One of my customers sells systems based on peltons and also based on my turgos. He has a chart comparing efficiency of the two. For very small nozzles the Pelton and turgo are comparable, for larger nozzles, the turgo has an advantage.

http://www.homehydro.com/charts.html

http://www.homehydro.com/efficiency%20chart.pdf

Since in practice there is not any efficiency loss, and in fact a modest gain with the turgo. The reason we don’t make pelton’s is that for any micro hydro site where a pelton is applicable, a turgo will work better. There are many sites where a pelton wheel would either limit the flow or require a larger, slower, more costly turbine.

Hartvigsen Hydro products

Hartvigsen Hydro - Turgo Spoons

Turgo Runners

Hartvigsen Hydro - Custom Greenspoon Runners