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The power from green sources such as wind and solar are aimed to fulfill several goals such as energy security, economic development, climate change mitigation, rural development and employment generation. In 1983-84, the Government of India started the national wind power programme because it faced the oil crisis which underscored the vulnerability issue associated with it. The government started with the demonstration projects to attract private investment in the sector. From the commencement of the wind program, a market-oriented strategy was implemented. It didn’t involve itself in the direct execution and functioning of wind power projects; rather it worked out the strategy to encourage the involvement of private firms.

National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) has a mandate to carry out wind resource assessments across India. In 2010, it created first ever Indian Wind Atlas in collaboration with Riso, Denmark. At first, it assessed wind potential of 49,130 MW at 50m above ground level. Later, it modified its calculations and estimated that the installable wind potential capacity is around 102,788 MW at 80m above ground level. NIWE has chosen advanced modelling techniques and revisited this study as per the guidance and directives of MNRE, and estimated the wind power potential at 100m height as 302,251 MW. These estimations have been arrived given the 2% land availability for all states except for Himalayan states, Northeastern states and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

The growth of wind power in India is remarkable which exhibits the success of the policies and the regulations adopted by Union and State governments over a period. The efforts of the wind industry have led the country to reach the milestone of 37+ GW.

After the success of onshore wind power programme, Indian government has decided to encourage the development of offshore wind in the country due to the presence of 7500 km long coastline. The MNRE has declared medium- and long-term target for off-shore wind power capacity additions, which are 5 GW by 2022 and 30 GW by 2030.