GeoExchange in Federal Facilities Brochure

FederalFacilitiesFederalFacilitiesGeoExchangeGeoExchangeinin701 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20004-2696202-508-5500 • Fax 202-508-5222Toll Free 1-888-ALL-4-GEOwww.geoexchange.orgOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC. GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC. GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC. GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC. GEOTHERMAL HE$8.00 GB-031© 1999, GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC.CONTENTSIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What is GeoExchange and How Does it Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post Offices in Maryland: “GeoExchange is the Answer” . . . . . . . . . . . Courthouse and Jail, Fort Smith, Arkansas National Park Service . . . Fort Polk, Louisiana Base Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ESPCs, Super ESPCs and GeoExchange-Centered Projects . . . . . . . . . . GeoExchange Resource Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2358111416ABOUT THE GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUMThe Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Inc. (GHPC), is a non-profit organization whose goal isto advance the use of GeoExchange (geothermal) heating and cooling systems, a high comfort,cost-effective, and environmentally sound technology that takes constructive advantage of theEarth’s ability to store renewable energy from the sun. GHPC is a partnership between the U.S.Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the nation’s electric utilities, and the GeoExchange heat pump industry.2With Executive Orders 12902 of March 1994 and 13123 of June 1999, PresidentClinton reinforced the 1992 Energy Policy Act by mandating substantial increasesin energy efficiency and conservation measures at federal facilities.One of the primary requirements of EO 12902 is for each agency to develop aprogram "designed to speed the introduction of cost-effective and energy effi-cient technologies" that would contribute to "reducing energy consumption by30 percent by the year 2005." Another requirement is a 25-percent reduction ingreenhouse gas emissions by 2005, relative to 1990 levels. The newest mandate,EO 13123, calls for a 35-percent energy-use reduction over 1985 levels, and adecrease in greenhouse gas emissions of 30 percent relative to 1990 levels—both to be accomplished by 2010. To support the agencies in this process, the Department of Energy's FederalEnergy Management Program (FEMP) continues to develop and offer a widerange of information, services, and contracting mechanisms. Three significantoutcomes of that effort have been the creation of the energy savings performancecontract (ESPC), the super energy savings performance contract (Super ESPC),and strategies for the use of GeoExchange Systems, a highly cost-effective, energy-efficient, and environmentally sound space conditioning technology.(GeoExchange is also known as ground source, water source, and geothermalheating and cooling.)This brochure and the accompanying videotape tell the story of how several federal agencies are successfully usingGeoExchange in their efforts to comply with themandate to substantially reduce energy con-sumption and greenhouse gas emissions.GeoExchange technology together with theESPC and Super ESPC contracting systems, canenable other agencies to do the same. INTRODUCTION3GeoExchange technology provides space heating and air conditioning that can save energy andslash electric bills, cut greenhouse gas emissions, eliminate the need for outdoor components, drastically reduce the cost of potable hot water, and reduce maintenance costs, even as it improvesyear-round building comfort. While GeoExchange systems may, at first glance, seem almost too goodto be true, their benefits derive from the sound application of technology—what can be regarded asgood science. What They DoA GeoExchange system is a simple device that uses the earth’s renewable energy to provide highefficiency heating and cooling. In winter, the system draws heat from the ground and transfers it intothe building space. In summer, it extracts heat from the building’s interior and transfers it to theground. Hardware consists only of heat pumps connected to a series of small-diameter pipes buriedunderground. A water solution circulating through the pipes carries heat between the ground andthe heat pump.Since GeoExchange systems merely transfer heat to and from ground that remains at a nearlyconstant temperature year-round, they operate at surprisingly high efficiencies. In fact, they providenearly four times the energy they consume.How They WorkGeoExchange systems, like heat pumps and air conditioners, make use of a refrigerant cycle to helptransfer (or pump) heat. Refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat pumps all operate by pumping refrig-erant through a closed loop in a way that creates a cool zone and a warm zone. In the cool zone, therefrigerant is allowed to evaporate, absorbing energy; in the warm zone, the refrigerant is allowed to con-dense, releasing energy. In a refrigerator, for instance, a fan blows the air inside the refrigerator over tubes containing refrig-erant that is very cold (typically below 0ºF). Heat is transferred from the interior air to the coolerrefrigerant. The refrigerant is then pumped to the high-temperature section, which consists of tubesunderneath or outside the back of the refrigerator. Room air flows across these tubes. Because therefrigerant is hot in this zone, it gives up heat to the relatively cooler air in the room, before flow-ing back to the cold zone to begin the loop again.An air conditioner or chiller system works in exactly the same way, except that it extracts heat fromthe air inside a room or building and transfers it the air outside the building. A traditional heat pump also works similarly, but has a reversing capability, so that it can extract heatfrom the outside air in the winter and transfer it inside. While being able to extract heat from win-ter air that is already cold seems counterintuitive, remember that to do so requires only that therefrigerant be made colder than the outside air. And modern heat pumps can do that.The Efficiency of GeoExchangeStandard heat pumps, while relatively simple to operate, face one major challenge. Their operatingefficiency is lowest when demand is highest; that is, heat pumps have to work hardest when we wantthe most from them. A regular heat pump extracts heat energy from outside air in winter, and rejects heat to outside air insummer. Unfortunately, the colder the outside air, the more difficult it is to extract heat from it, andWHAT IS GEOEXCHANGEANDHOW DOES IT WORK??GeoExchange Heating and Cooling4the hotter the outside air, the harder it is to transfer heat to it. The temperature difference betweenthe air and the refrigerant is small in both cases, lowering heat transfer rates within the system. Yet, the colder it gets outside, the higher the rate of heat loss through windows, around doors, andthrough walls and roofs, and the more heat we need to pump inside to keep indoor temperaturescomfortable. In summer, a similar scenario plays out. The hotter it gets outside, the higher the rateof heat infiltration into the building, and the more heat removal we need to maintain comfort.The GeoExchange DifferenceA GeoExchange system eliminates this dilemma by using the relatively constant-temperature groundas a heat source in winter and a heat sink in summer, instead of outside air. Throughout most of theU.S., the temperature of the ground below the frost line (about 3 to 5 feet below the surface)remains at a nearly constant temperature, generally ranging from 45º–50ºF in the north, to 65º–70ºin the deep south. So, in the winter, a GeoExchange unit can extract heat from ground that’s rela-tively warm compared to the cold outside air, and in the summer, it can discharge heat to groundthat is relatively cool, compared to the hot outside air. Since the difference between the refrigerant temperature and the ground temperature remains relatively high in both seasons, so do heat transfer rates. Consequently, the GeoExchange systemoperates at much higher year-round efficiencies than a standard heat pump.Making The Ground ConnectionThe unique aspect of the GeoExchange system, and the key to its delivery of such a long list of bene-fits, is the ground loop. The ground loop provides the means of transferring heat to the earth in sum-mer, and extracting heat from the earth in winter. Physically, the "ground loop" consists of severallengths of tough, resilient, and flexible plastic pipe typically installed either in horizontal trenches orvertical holes that are subsequently filled and covered with landscaping, grassor even parking lots. Fluid inside the ground loop piping (water or a water/nontoxic antifreeze mix-ture) is pumped through a heat exchanger in the GeoExchange unit. In thesummer, it absorbs heat from the refrigerant hot zone and carries it to theground through the ground loop piping. In winter, it absorbs heat from theearth through the ground loop, and then transfers that heat to the refrigerantcold zone. The length of the ground loop will be determined by the heating and coolingloads, which are determined in turn by the building’s size, its design, con-struction, orientation, and the climate. Whether the ground loop is most effi-ciently installed in horizontal trenches or in vertical bore holes depends onlocal soil conditions, geology, and the amount of land available.Alternatively, if the building is near a lake or pond, closed loop piping can be installed at the bot-tom of the body of water, transferring heat to and from the water. Where water is especially cleanand plentiful, an open loop system can even be used, where wells are drilled and water is pumpedfrom supply wells, through the GeoExchange heat exchanger, and back to the acquifer throughreturn wells. Any one of these installation schemes, though, results in the same high efficiency, when properlysized. GeoExchange in Federal Facilities5Since early 1997, ten U.S.Postal Service facilities inMaryland have replaced a varietyof failed or failing conventionalheating and cooling systems withGeoExchange technology, in onecase removing a brand new air-to-air system that was alreadyshowing signs of trouble. All tenfacilities have been realizing between 34 and 42 percent energy savings from the new systems, sup-plemented with energy conservation measures (ECMs) such as upgraded insulation, lighting andwindows. And all expect even greater energy and cost savings in the future.USPS Manager of Field Maintenance Operations, Gary Dunaway, says of the technology, "It’s the wayto go, there’s nothing else like it." Like other facility managers who have GeoExchange experience,he cites the systems’ unparalleled energy- and life-cycle-cost savings, environmental soundness, totalelimination of above-ground equipment (with its tendency to trap dirt and tempt vandals), nearelimination of service calls, and ease of operation and maintenance. As someone both personallyand professionally committed to lowering fossil fuel emissions, he especially appreciates the unique-ly low environmental impact of GeoExchange technology, one of the "credits" he uses in evaluatingcosts and benefits. The facilities’ postmasters have additional reasons for liking the systems: consistently high comfortlevels, unlike the extremes of hot and cold, and the poor-to-mediocre air quality with which they’dcontended before. And administrators are impressed by greater than expected savings due to lowerenergy consumption, improved energy use patterns, elimination of the need for special operators orservice contracts, and improved morale, health, and productivity among personnel.System Financing and Design/InstallationAs a quasi-governmental agency, the U.S. Postal Service normally funds projects from its own revenues on an area wide basis, with the General Services Administration providing the fundingmechanism. To date all of the Maryland post office GeoExchange projects have been financed thisway. (For the Postal Service, as for other agencies, a mechanism for private-sector funding openedup with the advent of energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) and energy service companies(ESCOs), and more recently, Super ESPCs and Super ESCOs, described on page 14 of this booklet.Future projects will be funded either conventionally or under the Super-ESPC option, depending onthe size of the project and the availability of revenues for up-front funding of total costs.)POST OFFICES IN MARYLAND:"GEOEXCHANGE IS THE ANSWER"GeoExchange Heating and Cooling6Constellation Energy Source (CE Source), one of five ESCOs that the U.S. Department of Energyrecently awarded a nationwide Technology-Specific Super ESPC for GeoExchange projects, hasinstalled nine out of ten of the Maryland post offices’ GeoExchange projects, located in small com-munities in Western Maryland and on the Eastern Shore. Both the Postal Service’s Gary Dunaway and CE Source’s Bob Sweitzer, SeniorAccount Representative, consider these installations to be ideal applications ofGeoExchange technology. The retrofits replaced the full range of conventional heat-ing, ventilation, and cooling technologies including oil, propane, oil with air-to-airconditioning, oil with water-to-water air conditioning, gas-fired with chiller, and all-electric. Besides the need for drastic energy savings and consistent comfort and air quality,the new systems have resolved many longstanding issues. Among them weredegrading and leaking underground fuel storage tanks, high fossil fuel combustionemissions, repeated compressor or compressor-component breakdowns (con-tributing to high use of exorbitant resistance heating), and slow and costly system response to highvolumes of air brought into the buildings by customers and mail handlers coming and going throughfront and back doors.The facilities’ GeoExchange equipment, typically either one lead unit and one back-up or a singleunit with two speeds, fit into mechanical rooms no larger than a standard utility closet. The onlymaintenance they require is changing the filters twice a year, and an annual maintenance check-up,in contrast to the once-a-month visits many of the old systems required.The well field for each system is located under either grassy areas or asphalt parking lots flankingthe buildings, or both. Business has gone on as usual during installation, which lasts between fourand eight days causing minimal inconvenience to patrons and occupants. The number of boreholesdrilled for the underground heat exchanger piping has averaged between eight and ten. All of thesystems already installed have been vertical closed loop designs, though CE Source is looking intothe possibility of installing an open loop system for a facility on Maryland’s Eastern Shore. Overall Appraisal—and Advice to Potential Users"I see GeoExchange right now being where internal combustion was this time last century," says BobSweitzer. "It’s there, it has unlimited potential, but most people are still riding the horse. It’s gonnasave between 30 and 40 percent on energy bills, there’s no doubt about it. What we’ve got to do iseducate the public that . . . at the end of that 20-year life cycle, the only thing you’re replacing is theinternal [indoor] components. The GeoExchange field [the heart of the technology] will go on andon and on." When asked if he thinks GeoExchange could be a wide-ranging solution to the energy7GeoExchange in Federal Facilities. . .ÓThese systems areso simple and so reliable and effectivecompared to the others.ItÕs not rocket science." says Bob Sweitzer of CE Sourceand emissions challenges facing federal agencies in 2005 and 2010, Sweitzer responds positively,"Absolutely, it’s the answer . . .These systems are so simple and so reliable and effective comparedto the others. It’s not rocket science." But both Sweitzer and Dunaway as well as CE Source’s Director of Engineering David Dash, do tem-per their enthusiasm for GeoExchange with some advice to potential users of the technology: It’simportant to have an experienced project manager on every project, preferably one certified by theInternational Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA) or with a minimum of 2 years’ workon GeoExchange systems, including at least one with 250-ton capacity, or greater. They also stressthe importance of selecting only qualified bidders, meaning those with proven, certifiable or cus-tomer-testified GeoExchange installation experience. In fact, they believe it’s best to seek bids onlyfrom qualified bidders in the first place. (For information on how to locate assistance and guidancein ensuring a successful GeoExchange project, refer to the GeoExchange Resource Guide on page16 of this booklet.) uAgencies Sign On With GeoExchange TechnologyThe U.S. Postal Service is one of three federal entities that hasentered into a technology transfer program with the GeothermalHeat Pump Consortium (GHPC) in an effort to reduce air pollu-tion and energy consumption in its facilities nationally.In a ‘Memo of Understanding’ signed earlier this year, officialsat the U.S. Postal Service noted that reducing energy consump-tion while protecting the environment is a high federal priority."The U.S. Postal Service builds 4 to 5 hundred new facilitieseach year, and seeks to lower expenses while minimizing harmful emissions," said Dennis Baca, Manager ofEnvironmental Management Policy for the Postal Service."GeoExchange limits environmental liabilities, reduces servicecalls, and remains protected from vandalism and the elements.Moreover, because it uses a renewable energy source, the systems decrease our dependency on foreign energy.” Under the Program, the U.S. Postal Service will evaluate the feasibility of installing GeoExchange technology in its facilitieswherever it is cost-effective. For its part, GHPC will help the government perform feasibility and life-cycle-cost analyses, then assist in the design of appropriate GeoExchange systems. In addition, to the Postal Service, the U.S. Department of Stateand the General Services Administration have signed MOU’s with GHPC. GeoExchange Heating and Cooling8A National Historic Site of the National Park Service since 1961, Fort Smith has housed military,civilian federal, state, and city agencies, as well as private businesses during its colorful 182-yearhistory. In its heyday, the Fort served as protector, peace-keeper, and law enforcer for the tumul-tuous frontier territories. The largest and most significant onsite structure is the Courthouse/Jail,best known as the place where "Hanging Judge" Isaac Parker presided over the U.S. Court for theWestern District of Arkansas between 1872 and 1893. Judge Parker dispensed justice to the frontieroutlaws he found guilty of everything from petty larceny to murder to harassment of CherokeeIndians traversing the site's portion of the Trail of Tears. The current restoration project, which centers on rehabilitation of the Courthouse and Jail, respondsto longstanding community cultural needs and legal requirements including federal laws that safe-guard cultural and natural resources. The first phase of the project calls for replacement of the struc-ture's obsolete and hazardous open-flame gas-fired stoves with a GeoExchange system. Installationbegan recently with clearing of the well field and the drilling of the first boreholes. The decision to use GeoExchange followed an in-depth cost analysis comparing the technology withthree other systems: air-cooled heat pumps, gas boiler and chiller, and electric resistance andchiller. The study's outcome was a recommendation for either a GeoExchange system or a gas-firedboiler/chiller system. Both had been found to be far more economical than the other two alterna-tives, and would satisfy all of the site's HVAC requirements. But several other considerations weighed heavily in favor of GeoExchange: The estimated annualenergy costs of the gas-fired boiler/chiller were more than twice those of GeoExchange ($17,248 vs.COURTHOUSE AND JAIL, FORT SMITH,PRESERVING THE PAST WITH TECHNOLOGY OFTHE PRESENT AND FUTUREARKANSAS:GeoExchange in Federal Facilities9The estimated annualenergy costs of the gas-fired boiler/chillerwere more than twicethose of GeoExchange($17,248 vs. $7,948).$7,948); the gas-fired system would require an exterior location for the chiller, with associated visu-al and noise impacts incompatible with the requirements for a historic site; and it would mean having to use exhaust-and-combustion vents equally incompatible with the building’s period style. While the initial costs of the GeoExchange system are higher than for the gas-fired system, its ener-gy-efficiency savings and lower environmental impact, both indoors and out, will more than compensate for the cost difference when looking over the two systems' expected lifetimes. The GeoExchange System Fort Smith’s Courthouse and Jail GeoExchange system is the heart of the building's overall energy-savings and air quality/climate control plan. Other energy efficient features being added are insulat-ing the building's two roofs and replacing all windows with double-pane insulated glass.Additionally, the structure will be maintained under positive interior air pressure to minimize pol-lutant infiltration from outside. All new and existing wall, floor, and roof penetrations will be sealedand insulated. Indoor components of the GeoExchange system will include all-new duct work and twelve water-to-air heat pumps for various zones individually controlled by programmable thermostats (an option-al feature of a GeoExchange system that users especially value). Outside air will be provided perASHRAE standard 62-89 for acceptable indoor air quality based upon required CFM and continuousfan operation during occupied periods.The well field will be monitored for archeological finds during trenching and ultimately landscapedin accordance with cultural landscape planning. It will contain a vertical loop system comprised ofhigh density polyethylene pipe, 1 inch in diameter in 32 bore holes spaced 40 feet apart to a depthof 400 feet. System FinancingAs part of the Fort Smith restoration project, the system will be paid for by a congressional appro-priation. Because the National Park Service will own the system outright, it will immediately beginto realize all of its energy and maintenance savings. GeoExchange Heating and Cooling10By the middle of the year 2000, the nationally famous Vanderbilt Mansion overlooking the HudsonRiver in Hyde Park, New York, expects to replace its oil-fired boiler system and non-existent air conditioning with GeoExchange heating and cooling. The system's four 1500-foot-deep wells willminimize disruption of the historic landscape, while the temperature and humidity control, andfreedom from combustion, (and its environmental and structural effects) will optimally protect thesite's irreplaceable materials and holdings. Other deciding factors in choosing a GeoExchange system were its total elimination of visual and noise degradation and its tremendously lower pro-jected life-cycle costs: $32,000 to $35,000 annually, compared with more than $80,000 for the boiler/chiller system. "We’re off on an adventure.I can’t wait to get [the sys-tem] built and ’test drive’ it.No more worrying aboutwhen the boiler’s going togive me problems again. . .We feel like it’s the way togo. It’s the future."Henry Van Brookhoven, Chief of Area Services,Roosevelt-Vanderbilt NationalHistoric SitesNATIONAL PARK SERVICE SLATED FOR GEOEXCHANGEVANDERBILT NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE ALSOGeoExchange in Federal Facilities11The Army's Fort Polk Joint Readiness Training Center in westcentral Louisiana prepares military and civilian personnel forairlift, close-air support, resupply, and battlefield combat mis-sions. Altogether some 23,000 military personnel and familymembers live in base housing, which consists of 4,003 units in1,296 buildings. The units are mostly apartments, two-story townhouses, andduplexes, ranging in size between 900 and 1,400 square feet.About 80 percent of the units originally had air-source heatpumps and electric water heaters. The remainder were heatedby natural gas forced-air furnaces and had central air condi-tioning. Cooling and humidity control are the main require-ments in this area.Fort Polk energy managers needed a way to reduce energy andmaintenance costs while avoiding cuts in services and salaries.The housing HVAC equipment was "a hodgepodge of minimum-efficiency units selected on the basis of low bids" and suffer frommistakes in sizing and poor installation. In July of the last yearbefore the retrofit, the number of service calls averaged 90 perday and sometimes reached 100.In addition acute and worsening maintenance headaches werethe primary motivation for seeking a package arrangement that would allow the Army to shed main-tenance responsibilities and renew the heating and cooling systems. In evaluating and attempting toreconcile budget constraints and the energy-savings mandates of EO 12902, it became apparent thata GeoExchange retrofit acquired by way of an energy savings performance contract (ESPC), couldoffer the best solution: It would allow the needed construction to be paid for out of energy cost sav-ings without adding to the operating budget, or perpetuating the maintenance problems.At that time, the advantages of GeoExchange technology to both contractor and customer were "awell-kept secret," and only one ESCO, Co-Energy Group—now a primary consultant to the SuperESCO Enron Energy Services—bid for the project. (Another ESCO, Exelon Energy Services, Inc.,later bid for and won a contract to install 25 percent of the GeoExchange systems put in since theoriginal installations.) The project was carried out under the largest ESPC that had ever been drawnup, and remains one of the largest GeoExchange installations. FORT POLK, LOUISIANA, 33 PERCENT REDUCTION IN WHOLE HOUSEBASE HOUSING:ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION GeoExchange Heating and Cooling12Fort Polk’s ESPC and GeoExchange SystemThe GeoExchange ESPCThe energy savings performance contract (ESPC) funded the equipment, installation, and mainte-nance funds for Fort Polk's GeoExchange systems.The $18-million contract, completed in 1996, was financedand managed by the Huntsville Engineering and SupportCenter of the Army Corps of Engineers and administered byFort Polk. Under its terms, the energy service company (Co-Energy Group) financed the project with virtually no up-frontcost to Fort Polk, on the understanding that DOD wouldreturn 77.5 percent of the first 20 years' savings to the ESCO.Because the equipment is owned and maintained by Co-Energy, the Army will save all baseline maintenance costs,estimated at about $1.3 million annually. Fort Polk will keep22.5 percent, or an estimated $744,800, of the expectedannual energy and maintenance savings for 20 years, after which they will own the equipment andall profits (savings) for the remaining life of the system. The savings realized by the base will be putback into environmental and energy conservation projects.The GeoExchange System The GeoExchange system at Fort Polk is a closed-loop, vertical-borehole ground heat exchanger sys-tem. The heat exchanger, the heat pumps (4,003 GeoExchange heat pumps ranging between 1.5 and2.5 tons), and the other components of the system were designed for easy installation, compact size,maximum efficiency, long life, and low maintenance demand and cost. In addition to those benefitsthe GeoExchange System will also provide a more comfortable environment for the residents. The well fields are located in the front, back, or side yard of each residential building. Collectively,the loop systems’ high-density polyethylene pipe is sunk in more than 8,000 boreholes, 4 inches indiameter, at depths of 130 to 325 feet. Dramatic Energy SavingsAccording to Oak Ridge National Laboratory's evaluation, annual electricity consumption in FortPolk's family housing has dropped by about 26 million kWh since retrofit—a 33 percent reductionthat has already put the base within easy reach of the overall 30 percent savings it must achieve by 2005. Natural gas consumption of 260,000 therms per year for space and water heating has been completely eliminated. Together these savings represent an estimated reduction in CO2emissions of 22,400 tons annually. Summer peak electrical demand has diminished by 7.5 MW, a43 percent reduction equivalent to a decrease of nearly 2 kWh per residence. The electrical energyand demand savings correspond to a 10 percent improvement in annual electric load factor. The overall 33 percent reduction in electricity use was achieved in spite of the fact that electric-pow-ered GeoExchange heat pumps replaced natural-gas-fueled furnaces and water heaters in 20 GeoExchange in Federal Facilities13percent of the apartments. As expected, the average electricity savings in the originally all-electrichousing units were substantially higher (35 vs.14 percent) than the savings in units that had usednatural gas. In apartments that were all-electric before the retrofit, the geothermal heat pumps werefound to save about 42 percent of the pre-retrofit electrical consumption for heating, cooling, andwater heating. The proportion of total energy savings attributable to the new system—through theheat pumps as well as through the desuperheaters installed for water heating—was 66 percent in200 apartments that were all-electric before the retrofit. The GeoExchange ESPC has also allowed the Army to shift maintenance functions to a vendor and to cap future expenditures for family housing HVAC maintenance at about $0.18 per square foot per year and $262 per housing unit per year. This represents about 78 percent of the Army's pre-viously estimated 20-year-average baseline maintenance costs of about $336 per housing unit peryear—cost savings even greater than those originally estimated.National Recognition for Success of ProjectIn July of 1997, Fort Polk's energy-saving GeoExchange installation was recognized by the presenta-tion of Vice President Gore's Hammer Award, which honors teams that contribute to making government "work better and cost less by significantly reducing unnecessary bureaucracy and costlyinefficiency." The award was presented jointly to Fort Polk, Louisiana State University, the U.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers Cold Regions, the U.S. Army Engineering and Support Center in Huntsville, andthe Co-Energy Group, who together comprised the team responsible for the successful project. uGeoExchange Heating and Cooling14Two innovative funding mechanisms now make it simpler and easier for federal agencies to undertake energy-saving GeoExchange projects. Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs)Public Law 105-388 (the Energy Conservation Reauthorization Act) extended through September2003 the authority of federal agencies to enter into ESPCs, or energy savings performance contracts.Under an ESPC, an energy services company (ESCO) assumes purchase, installation financing, andmaintenance costs of energy-saving equipment, or purchase and financing costs of energy-savingservices, in return for a share of the resulting savings—which the ESCO guarantees the agency. ESPCs were specifically designed to reduce the cost of energy consumption in federal buildings with-out requiring capital investment by the building owner. They also eliminate the cost to the agencyof maintenance and repair of aging or obsolete equipment, place operation and maintenanceresponsibilities on the contractor, and help stimulate the economy by allowing the ESCOs to profitfrom up-front investments in federally-owned buildings. Super Energy Savings Performance Contracts (Super ESPCs)Developed by the Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), SuperESPCs are similar to the traditional ESPCs, but streamline the ESPC contracting process, making itsimpler, faster, and easier for the agency. By using the indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity (IDIQ)provision of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), they allow agencies to negotiate site-specificdelivery orders with a Super ESCO (a company that has been awarded a Super ESPC) without hav-ing to start the contracting process from scratch. Agencies can effectively "piggy-back" their ESPCprojects onto the broader Super ESPC, saving both time and money. Super ESPCs use the same general contract terms and provisions as conventional ESPCs, and can beused to purchase equipment, products, and services that increase energy- and cost-efficiency. Like con-ventional ESPCs, they provide a congressionally approved mechanism for funding capital improvementswith private sector monies rather than through federal appropriations—at no cost to the taxpayer.But they're different from conventional ESPCs in two important ways: First a Super ESPC blankets alarge geographic area, rather than a specific site. And second, Super ESPCs substantially reduce thelead-time necessary to contract with an ESCO for energy services. Using delivery orders under aSuper ESPC, an agency can contract within 4 to 8 months (vs. 3 to 4 years under a traditional ESPC)to acquire equipment retrofits and private sector capital.There are two types of Super ESPCs: (1) Regional, which blanket a broad regional area, and (2)Technology-specific, which blanket the nation and commit at least 33 percent of their funds to a par-Two innovative fundingmechanisms now make itsimpler and easier for federal agencies to undertake energy-savingGeoExchange projects. ESPCs, SUPER ESPCs,ANDGEOEXCHANGE-CENTERED PROJECTSGeoExchange in Federal Facilities15For further information on the Super ESPCs please contact: Doug Culbreth ofFEMP’s GeoExchangeTechnology Specific Programat 1-919-782-5238 or e-mail:carson.culbreth@hq.doe.gov Cost analysis studies and information provided by FEMP and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory convinced decision-makers at DOD/Navy’s Naval Air Station Oceana and Little Creek Naval AmphibiousBase in Virginia Beach, Virginia, to undertake the country’s first Super-ESPC-financed GeoExchangeinstallations. Oceana already has three conventionally funded GeoExchange installations under way attwo barracks and a day care center, and engineers, administrators, and residents at both bases are looking forward to having Super-ESPC GeoExchange systems up and running and bringing in neededenergy savings at 16 buildings by the end of year 2000. Sites will include offices, shops, classrooms,hangars, labs, communications and transportation centers, a Post Office, laboratories, and clubhouses.ticular energy-efficient or renewable energy technology. GeoExchange-centered ESPC projects aretechnology-specific.Under the terms of this type of Super ESPC, an agency requiring energy services, equip-ment, or products (or some combination of the three), develops site-specific requirementsand a delivery order using DOE's Technology-Specific Super ESPC Guidelines. The agencymay select one Super ESCO, or request multiple proposals, without advertising the pro-curement. This system greatly reduces both lead-times and demands on agency resourcesto develop and award contracts, and allows energy savings to be realized more quickly.Because profits to the Super ESCO depend on realization of substantial energy savings bythe agency, and because the contract was awarded to the Super ESCO on the basis of itsexperience and expertise with the particular technology, the risk of misapplication is minimized.A GeoExchange-centered Super ESPC can be used solely for the purpose of retrofitting withGeoExchange technology or it can cover a more comprehensive project that includes multiple energy conservation measures—on the condition that at least 33 percent of the total cost of thehardware and services are applied to procuring and installing GeoExchange technology.Project Support and GuidanceThe FEMP Services Network (FSN) stands ready to assist agencies in achieving their cost- and ener-gy-savings goals. Project facilitators from the network will lead agencies' acquisition teams throughthe GeoExchange Super-ESPC process for a modest fee, which can be paid either incrementally over5 years or at the beginning of the project. The FSN partnership consists of DOE's Office of EnergyEfficiency and Renewable Energy, Golden Field Office, and Regional Support Offices, and theLawrence Livermore, Oak Ridge, Pacific Northwest National, and National Renewable EnergyLaboratories. Technical and advisory services are also available from private sector contractors.Delivery order process support services offered by the FSN include assistance with performancerequirements and specifications for the development of RFPs, including measurement and verifica-tion (M&V) requirements and proposal submission and evaluation criteria. The FSN will also assistagencies in understanding Super ESPC requirements, site-specific operational considerations andrange and appropriateness of the technology. Agencies can use the network as a "one-stop shop"for all of the technical and procurement expertise and services their personnel may need to imple-ment energy-saving projects and achieve EO 12902 and EO 13123 compliance. u16The following guide lists names, addresses, and telephone numbersof organizations youcan contact for more information on GeoExchangeheating and cooling.Design manuals, technical papers,installation guides, and software designtools also are listed.Available trainingcourses are highlighted,as well as other usefulinformation onGeoExchange systems.ORGANIZATIONS1. Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Inc. (GHPC)701 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20004-2696Phone: (202) 508-5500Toll Free: (888) ALL-4-GEO (255-4436)Fax: (202) 508-5222Web: http://www.geoexchange.orgE-mail: info@ghpc.org2. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA)Oklahoma State University490 Cordell SouthStillwater, OK 74078-8018Phone: (405) 744-5175Toll Free: (800) 626-4747Fax: (405) 744-5283Web: http://www.igshpa.okstate.edu3. The American Institute of Architects (AIA)1735 New York Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20006-5292Phone: (800) AIA-3837Fax: (202) 626-7364Web: http://www.aia.org4. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)1791 Tullie Circle, NEAtlanta, GA 30329-2305Phone: (404) 636-8400Fax: (404) 321-5478E-mail: ashrae@ashrae.orgWeb: http://www.ashrae.org5. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)3412 Hillview AvenueP.O. Box 10412Palo Alto, CA 94303Phone: (415) 855-2411Toll Free: (800) 766-EPRIWeb: http://www.epri.com6. National Rural Electric Cooperative Association(NRECA)4301 Wilson BoulevardAlexandria, VA 22203-1860Phone: (703) 907-5500Fax: (703) 907-5521Web: http://www.nreca.org7. American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME)8996 Burke Lake RoadBurke, VA 22015Phone: (703) 978-5000Fax: (703) 978-1157E-mail: 76330.1335@compuserve.comWeb: http://www.millkern.com/ero8. Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA)1712 New Hampshire Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20009Phone: (202) 483-9370Fax: (202) 232-8545E-mail: plupson@acca.orgWeb: http://www.acca.org9. Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’National Association (SMACNA) 4201 Lafayette Center DriveChantilly, VA 20151Phone: (703) 803-2980Fax: (703) 803-3732Email: smacna@erols.comWeb: http://www.smacna.org10. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Manager GHP ProgramMail Code 6202J401 M Street, SWWashington, DC 20460Phone: (888) STAR-YESFax: (703) 803-3732Web:http://www.epa.gov/energystar.html11. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyClearinghouseP.O. Box 3048Merrifield, VA 22116Phone: (800) 363-3732Fax: (703) 893-0400Web: http://www.eren.doe.gov12. Federal Energy Management Program1000 Independence Avenue, SWWashington, DC 20585Phone: (202) 586-5772Help Desk: (800) DOE-ERECFax: (202) 586-3000Web: http://www.eren.doe.gov/femp13. National Ground Water Association (NGWA)601 Dempsey RoadWesterville, OH 43081-8978Phone: (614) 898-7791Toll Free: (800) 551-7379Fax: (614) 898-7786E-mail: ngwa@ngwa.orgWeb: http://www.ngwa.org14. Canadian Earth Energy Association130 Slater Street, Suite 1050Ottawa, ON Canada K1P6E2Phone: (613) 230-2332Fax: (613) 237-1480E-mail: ceea@earthenergy.orgGEOEXCHANGE RESOURCE GUIDE17TRAINING CENTERS1. International Ground Source Heat PumpAssociation (IGSHPA)Phone: (800) 626-4747Fax: (405) 774-5283A. Architects and Engineers WorkshopTraining Course #61020B. Installer Accreditation WorkshopTraining Course, IGSHPA Catalog#63010C. Train-the-Trainer WorkshopTraining Course, IGSHPA Catalog#64010D. Annual Three-Day Technical WorkshopTechnical Workshop held each May at IGSHPA in Stillwater, OKE. On-Site Training WorkshopsTraveling Training Course2. Learning Unit Program for American Instituteof Architects MembersFor more information contact GHPC at 888-ALL-4-GEO (255-4436)3. Design Short Courses for Architects andEngineersFor more information contact GHPC at 888-ALL-4-GEO (255-4436)4. Alabama Heat Pump Training Center,Verbena, ALPhone: (205) 257-1681GHPC PUBLICATIONSBrochuresGeoExchange for Architects GB-017The Bottom Line on Commercial GeoExchange Applications GB-002HVAC Contractor Success Stories GB-008Opportunities for Drillers with GeoExchange GB-021Geothermal Heating and Cooling Systems: Fascinating Facts GB-003Overview of the Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium GB-007Comparing Heating Systems GB-010Design Assistance Program GB-011Equipment Manufacturers with Customer Contacts GB-012Industrial Sector Improves Quality Through Temperature Control GB-014GeoExchange Systems: Renewable and Ready GB-019Member Services, Programs, Materials, and Publications GB-024Application for Membership GB-024aConnections to the Earth GB-025Spread The Word GB-909Utility Executive Briefing GB-910GeoExchange for Lenders GB-022GeoExchange for Lodgings GB-016GeoExchange Meets Tough Military Housing Standards GB-023GeoExchange for Office GB-018GeoExchange for Realtors® and Appraisers GB-020The Residential GeoExchange Heating and Cooling Story GB-001Tenant Comfort and Owner Savings GB-026GeoExchange: The Best Course to Energy Savings for Schoolsand Universities GB-028Case StudiesHillside Oaks, East Dallas, Texas CS-038Cost Meets Energy Efficiency in Wamego, Kansas CS-039Park Chase Apartments – A HUD Project CS-045Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority, Virginia CS-069Green Valley Estates, Fort Payne, Alabama CS-088Habitat for Humanity Turns to GeoExchange for Savings CS-091Horticultural Uses of Geothermal Heat Pumps CS-030Agricultural Applications of Geothermal Heat Pumps CS-034GeoExchange and Aquaculture, Mountain Home, Tennessee CS-087Beaumont at Bryn Mawr, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania CS-005Church of Christ, Medina, Ohio CS-077Phillips 66 Service Station, Prairie Village, Kansas CS-002Fox Chase Golf Club, Lancaster, Pennsylvania CS-004Martin & Kroencke Implement Inc., Quincy, Illinois CS-024Conoco’s "Skunk Creek" Service Station, Minnesota CS-043The Middleton Corporation, Akron, Ohio CS-078FarmTek Supply, Dyersville, Iowa CS-081Northwest Louisiana Juvenile Detention Center CS-036Cambria County Prison, British Columbia CS-053Yakima County Jail, Yakima, Washington CS-061Federally Sentanced Women’s Facility, Turo, Nova Scotia CS-067Oklahoma Developer Wins with GeoExchange CS-031Schalmo Builders, Canal Fulton, Ohio CS-042Hudson Valley Builder Features GeoExchange, Cold Springs, NY CS-082Stone Ledge Development, Leawood, Kansas CS-090Kopernick Space Education Center, Vestal, New York CS-066Galt House East, Kentucky CS-001Comfort Inn, Missouri CS-008Holiday Inn Express, Albany, New York CS-012Sagamore Resort, Lake George, New York CS-016Tower Building, Yakima, Washington CS-060Blue River Resort, British Columbia CS-086Du Pont Medical Center, Fort Wayne, Indiana CS-011Hazelton St. Joseph Medical Center, Freeland, Pennsylvania CS-021Wildlife Center of Virginia CS-047Iowa Medical Center Chooses GeoExchange CS-092Patuxent River Naval Air Station, Maryland CS-051GeoExchange Saving Millions at Fort Polk, Louisiana CS-052Lighthouse Terrace Base Housing, Pensacola NAS, Florida CS-062Bachelor Enlisted Quarters, MCAS, New River, North Carolina CS-063York County Health and Human Services, Virginia CS-003North Bonneville City Hall, North Bonneville, Washington CS-056Municipal Building, Park Hills, Missouri CS-064Nags Head Municipal Building, North Carolina CS-068Tacoma City Light Building, Tacoma, Washington CS-072Waterfront Office Building, Kentucky CS-010Water Tower Square Office Building, Williamsport, Pennsylvania CS-013Paragon Center Office Condominiums, Allentown, Pennsylvania CS-015West Philadelphia Enterprise Center CS-046Prairie Electric, Vancouver, Washington CS-059Home Builders Association of Greater Akron, Ohio CS-079Customer Service Center, Akron, Ohio CS-080Energy Crafted Homes in Connecticut CS-037A New Paradigm for GeoExchange Retrofits CS-040Scenic St. George, Utah, Enjoys Low Energy Bills CS-041Florida Home Wins with GeoExchange, Panama City, Florida CS-083Garden East Apartments, South Australia CS-084Beachfront Condominiums, Maryland CS-085Energy Star Home, Sandusky, Ohio CS-089Great Bridge Middle School South, Virginia CS-025Lake City High School, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho CS-026Salem Elementary School, Arkansas CS-027Austin Independent School District (AISD), Texas CS-028Schuyler Elementary School, Queen City, Missouri CS-029Neff Elementary School, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania CS-035Paint Lick Elementary School, Kentucky CS-048Bob McMath School, British Columbia CS-054Onamia Elementary School, Onamia, Minnesota CS-065Fuqua School, Farmville, Virginia CS-070Father Michael McGivney Senior High School, Markham, Ontario CS-071Choptank Elementary School, Cambridge, Maryland CS-074Daniel Boone High School, Washington Co., Tennessee CS-075Taylor Elementary School, Arlington, Virginia CS-076Daily Family YMCA, Bixby, Oklahoma CS-007Clark County PUD Headquarters, Vancouver, Washington CS-057ReportsSummary: Alternative Financing Programs & Options RS-001Summary: Customer Space Conditioning Choice Research RS-002Design Tools Benchmarking Study RP-00318GHPC PUBLICATIONS (CONT.)Reports (Cont.)Summary: Design Tools Benchmarking Study RS-003Summary: Technician Training & Curriculum Benchmarkin RS-004Summary: Utility Program Benchmarking RS-005Geothermal Heat Pump Marketing Strategy Utility Survey RP-007Assessment of Antifreeze Solutions for Ground Source Heat Pumps Study RP-010Summary: Assessment of Antifreeze Solutions for Ground Source Heat Pumps Study RS-010Fort Polk Energy Savings RP-013Geothermal Heat Pump Benchmarking Report RP-014R & D Project Profiles: A Series of Reviews of Early Projects RP-016Development of Head Loss Data & Design Tools for Geothermal RP-017Heat Pump Piping (Includes: 2 Program Disks) S-002Analysis and Development of a Design Method for Hybrid RP-018GeoExchange SystemsMaintenance and Service Costs in Commercial Building Geothermal RP-024SystemsAnalysis of Existing GeoExchange Installation Data Sets RP-026Geothermal Heat Pump Systems in Two Pennsylvania Office Buildings RP-027Geothermal Heat Pump Profitability in Energy Services RP-028Summary: GeoExchange Profitability in Energy Services RS-028Icemakers, Coolers and Freezers, and GX RP-030A Survey of Methods to Provide Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor RP-032Air QualityBrentwood, NH Variable Speed Drive Geothermal Heat Pump RP-033InstallationSegment KitsSchoolsIncludes: VT-901, GB-015, CS-048, CS-074, RP-011a SK-01Office Buildings Includes: VT-902, GB-002, RS-024, CS-046, CS-013 SK-02Convenience Stores Includes: VT-903, GB-002, CS-002, CS-043, SK-03RS-024Affordable Housing Includes: VT-906, GB-001, CS-038, CS-039, SK-04CS-045, CS-091Military Housing Includes: VT-907, GB-023, CS-052, CS-062, CS-063 SK-05Healthcare Facilities Includes: VT-908, GB-002, CS-005, CS-092 SK-06Hotels Includes: VT-909, GB-016, CS-001, CS-008 SK-07GeoExchange in Federal Facilities: VT-911, GB-031 SK-08VideosThe Neff School Project Video VT-901GeoExchange in Commercial Buildings VT-902GeoExchange in Convenience Stores VT-903GeoExchange in Affordable Housing VT-906GeoExchange Systems in Military Housing VT-907GeoExchange for Healthcare Facilities VT-908GeoExchange for Hotels VT-909GeoExchange at the Mohonk Visitors Center VT-910GeoExchange in Federal Facilities VT-911MiscellaneousResidential Poster (20"x30") Sample GB-901GeoExchange Folder GB-902EPA PublicationsSchools + GHPs = Savings & Efficiency 430-K-97-001The ABCs of GHPs ( Geothermal Heat Pump Technology In Schools) 430-F-97-008Geothermal Heat Pump Installation Without Utility Rebates 430-F-97-009Geothermal Heat Pumps in Frigid Climates 430-F-97-010Geothermal Heat Pumps in Metropolitan Schools 430-F-97-012Open Loop Geothermal Heat Pump Systems in Schools 430-F-97-013Installing GHPs in Schools Using Innovative Financing Options 430-F-97-014Evaluation of Consequences of Antifreeze Spills from Geothermal Heat PumpsSpace Conditioning: The Next Frontier 430-R-93-004Department of Energy PublicationsGeothermal Heat Pumps for Medium and Large Buildings DOE/GO-10098-648Geothermal Heat Pumps Score High Marks in Schools DOE/GO-10098-650Geothermal Heat Pumps Make Sense for Homeowners DOE/GO-10098-651Geothermal Heat Pumps DOE/GO-10098-652Environmental and Energy Benefits of Geothermal Heat Pumps DOE/GO-10098-653General Accounting Office PublicationsGeothermal Energy (Outlook Limited for Some Uses but GAO/RCED-94-84Promising for Geothermal Heat Pumps)The Following Publications Are for GHPC Members OnlyAdvertisements – Available in CD-ROM (Samples While Supplies Last)Residential Radio Ad (Retrofit) AD-901Residential Radio Ad (New Construction) AD-902Commercial Print Ad AD-903Residential Print Ad (Summer) AD-904Residential Print Ad (Winter) AD-905Residential HVAC Dealer Print Ad AD-906Residential Radio Spots (cassette) AD-907Brochures – Available in CD-ROM(Samples While Supplies Last)Residential Brochure GB-900Coop/HVAC Dealer Direct Mail GB-903Realtor/Appraiser Direct Mail GB-904Architect/Engineer Direct Mail GB-905Builder/Developer Direct Mail GB-906Commercial Direct Mail GB-907Coop/Builder Residential Direct Mail GB-908ReportsAlternative Financing Programs and Options Study RP-001Summary is available (RS-001)Alternative Financing Programs and Options Study-Appendices RP-001aCustomer Space Conditioning Choice Research RP-002Summary is available (RS-002)Customer Space Conditioning Choice Research – Qualitative RP-002aResearch ReviewStrategicTechnician Training & Curriculum Benchmarking Study RP-004Summary is available (RS-004)Technician Training & Curriculum Benchmarking Study – RP-004aAppendices C & DUtility Program Benchmarking Study RP-005Summary is available (RS-005)Keys To Successful Utility Programs RP-006Potential for Geothermal Heat Pumps in the Federal Civilian RP-008Buildings MarketGeothermal Marketing Expertise Resource Information RP-009Team (GeoMERIT)GeoExchange Sites RP-011GeoExchange Schools Sites RP-011aGeoExchange Materials and Publications Reference Guide RP-015and CatalogAn Accurate Estimate of 1995 and 1996 Geothermal Heating RP-019and Cooling InstallationsThe Climate Master "Spider" Loop Evaluation Project RP-020Measuring Thermal Properties of Soil and Rock:Bibliography and Abstracts RP-021Analysis Procedures and Software RP-022Hardware Specifications and Description RP-023Investigation of Multiple Callback Situations with Residential RP-025GeoExchange SystemsAn Accurate Estimate of 1995 to 1997 Geothermal Heating RP-029and Cooling InstallationsCounting GeoExchange Systems: Issues and Estimates RP-03119SOFTWARE FOR GEOEXCHANGE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS1. CLGS-Ground Heat Exchanger Design Program,Design Software, IGSHPA Catalog #31010(Demonstration Diskette) #31020, Oklahoma StateUniversity.2. GEOCALC, Design Software, Developed by FerrisState University, Released by Thermal WorksSoftware, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Phone: (616)243-0212.3. A useful range of geothermal heat pump software isavailable from Wright Soft, 394 Lowell Street,Lexington, MA 02173, Phone: (800) 225-8697, Fax: 617-861-2058.4. GL/GW-Source, Design Software, Kansas ElectricUtilities Research Program.5. Earth Energy Designer, Design Software.6. GchpCalc Design Software for Commercial andInstitutional Buildings, Version 3.1, a vertical groundcoupled heat pump systems design software.Available from Energy Information Services, P.O. Box 861462, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486-0013.E-mail: skavanaugh@coe.eng.ua.edu7. Geothermal Heat Pump Pipe and Fitting Program,2 disks, GHPC S-0028. Energy- Smart Choice for Schools, (an HVACComparison Tool) Contact GHPC at (888) ALL-4-GEO,and ask for SW-001BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION MODEls1. BuilderGuide, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80403, DougBalcomb, Phone: (303)384-7507, Fax: (303) 384-7540, OR Passive Solar Industries Council, 1511 KStreet, N.W., Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005,Phone: (202) 628-7400, Fax: (202) 393-50432. ELITE, Trane Company, P.O. Box 7916, Waco, TX76714, Shaun Blue, (817) 840-5381.3. Energy-10, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80403, DougBalcomb, Phone: (303)384-7507, Fax: (303) 384-7540, OR Passive Solar Industries Council, 1511 KStreet, N.W., Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005,Blaine Collison, Phone: (202) 628-7400, Fax: (202) 393-50434. Energy Scheming, Energy Studies in BuildingsLaboratory, Department of Architecture, University ofOR, Eugene, Oregon 97403, G.Z. Brown, Phone:(503) 346-5647, Fax: (503) 346-3626, E-mail: GXBrown@aaa.uoregon.edu.5. PEAR, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MailStop 90-4000, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA94720, Joe Huang, Phone: (510) 486-7082, Fax: (510) 486-6996, OR National TechnicalInformation Service, Springfield, VA, Phone: (703) 487-4807, Fax: (703) 321-8547.6. PowerDOE, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Mail Stop 90-3147, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA94720, Dr. Fred Winkelmann, Phone: (510) 486-5711, Fax: (510) 486-4089, E-mail: FCW@gundog.lbl.gov, OR James J. Hirsch,Hirsch & Associates, 12185 Prescilla Road, Camarillo,CA 93012, Phone: (805) 532-1045, Fax: (805) 532-2401, email: hirsch@gundog.lbl.gov.7. SERIRES, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80403, RonJudkoff, Phone: (303)384-7520, Fax: (303) 384-7411,e-mail, JudkoffR@tcplink.nrel.gov, OR SUNCODE-PC5.7 (a private-sector PC version pf SERIRES),Ecotope, Inc., 2812 East Madison Street, Seattle, WA98112, Kaija Berleman, Phone: (206) 322-3753, Fax: (206) 325-7270.8. SUNDAY, Ecotope, Inc., 2812 East Madison Street,Seattle, WA 98112, Kaija Berleman, Phone: (206) 322-3753, Fax: (206) 325-7270.DIRECTORIES STANDARDS1. Directory of Certified Applied Air--ConditioningProducts, Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute,December 1995. 2. Directory of Heat Pump Water Heater Manufacturersand Equipment, Electric Power Research InstituteWater Heating Information Office, May 1995. 3. Directory of Multifunction, Full-Condensing HeatPump Manufacturers and Equipment, Electric PowerResearch Institute Water Heating Information Office,June 1995. 4. Directory of Pool Heating and DehumidificationHeat Pump Manufacturers and Equipment, ElectricPower Research Institute Water Heating InformationOffice, June 1995. 1. Energy-Efficient Design of New Low-RiseResidential Building, ASHRAE Standard 90.2- 1993,ASHRAE Code 86234, American Society of Heating,Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,Atlanta, Georgia, 1993.CASE STUDIES AND FACT SHEETS1. GHPC has a wide range of commercial, residential,institutional, and government GeoExchange case studies available in print. (See GHPC PUBLICATIONS)Phone: (888) ALL-4-GEO, Fax: (202) 508-5222 or on-line through the GHPC’s National InformationResource Center at www.geoexchange.org.2. IGSHPA has many one-page case studies and factsheets on a variety of topics Phone: (800) 626-4747,Fax: (405) 744-5283.3. Several GeoExchange heat pump manufacturers offerprinted case studies. A complete list of GeoExchangeheat pump manufacturers is available from GHPC.4. The EPA has available several case studies Phone: (888) STAR-YES.5. The Department of Energy has available several casestudies on renewable energy. Phone (800) 363-3732.TECHNICAL PAPERS, REPORTS, STUDIES1. Bentonite-based Backfill Mixtures for GSHPs,Project Report 90-18, National Rural ElectricCooperative Association, Washington, DC, April 1993,178 pages.2. Conductivity and Cost of Backfill Materials for In-Ground Heat Exchangers, Project Report 90-17,National Rural Electric Cooperative Association,Washington, DC, August 1993, 52 pages. 3. Demonstration of the Direct Earth-Coupled HeatPump, Project Report 88-15, National Rural ElectricCooperative Association, Washington, DC, November1992, 58 pages. 4. Geothermal Heat Pump Training Support forArchitects and Engineers, Oklahoma State University,Available IGSHPA, 1996.5. HVAC Contractor Case Study Report, Report byTODAY Associates, Available from GHPC, Washington,DC.6. Soil and Rock Classification According to ThermalConductivity, Report #CU-6482, Electric PowerResearch Institute, August 1989.20NEWSLETTERS, BROCHURES, AND POSTERSNewsletters1. Earth Comfort Update, GHPC, bi-monthly publication.2. The Source: IGSHPA’s Newsletter, IGSHPA Catalog#13040.3. IEA Heat Pump Newsletter, Available from the OakRidge National Laboratory, Contact Sandy Smith, Phone: (423) 574-9339, Fax: (423) 574-9338.Brochures1. A Complete Question and Answer Guide to GS-Systems, Brochure, IGSHPA Catalog #05160.2. Building a Future — Geothermal Heat Pump inResidential Applications, Brochure, IGSHPACatalog #12030.3. Ground Source Heat Pumps, EPRI CU.3029.3.94,Electric Power Research Institute, March 1994. 4. GS-Systems: An Introduction, Brochure, IGSHPACatalog #14010.5. GS-Systems Folder, Folder to Hold Brochures,IGSHPA Catalog #14020.Posters1. GS-Systems Technical Poster, IGSHPA Catalog#71020.2. Matched Set of GS-System Drawing (ColorPosters of Artist Renderings), IGSHPA Catalog#71030.3. Residential Poster (20” x 30”), GHPC #GB-901.VIDEOSGHPC1. The Neff School Project, VT-901.2. GeoExchange in Commercial Buildings, VT-902.3. GeoExchange in Convenience Stores, VT-903.4. GeoExchange in Affordable Housing, VT-906.5. GeoExchange Systems in Military Housing, VT-907.6. GeoExchange for Healthcare Facilities, VT-9087. GeoExchange for Hotels, VT-9098. GeoExchange at the Mohonk Visitors Center, VT-9109. GeoExchange in Federal Facilities, VT-911Teleconference Videos1. Geothermal Issues for State Energy Officials andUtility Executives, IGSHPA Catalog #45010, 1992.2. Geothermal Issues for Contractors and DealersIGSHPA Catalog #45015S, March 1993.3. Geothermal Issues for Architects and EngineersIGSHPA Catalog #45020S, April 1993.4. Geothermal Heat Pumps in Schools, IGSHPA Catalog#45025S, April 1994.5. Geothermal Heat Pumps: The State of the ArtIGSHPA Catalog #45030S, June 1995.6. Geothermal Heat Pumps in Commercial BuildingsIGSHPA Catalog #45035S, September 1995.7. Geothermal Heat Pumps for Residential CustomersIGSHPA Catalog #45040S, April 1994.8. Geothermal Heating and Cooling Teleconferencefor Architects and Engineers, I GSHPA Catalog#45050 November 1996.9. GeoExchange Heating and Cooling Teleconferencefor the Residential Building Industry, IGSHPACatalog, April 1997.10. Contractors and GeoExchange Heating andCooling— A Profitable Combination, March 1998.Contact GHPC at 888-ALL-4-GEO (255-4436).11. GeoExchange Heating and Cooling—An EducationalExperience, February 1999.Contact GHPC at 888-ALL-4-GEO (255-4436).IGSHPA1. GHP Systems: Flushing, Purging, and Pressurizing,IGSHPA Catalog #40010.2. GS-Systems: An Introduction, IGSHPA Catalog#40015.3. Inside GS-Systems, IGSHPA Catalog #40020.4. Examples of GS-Systems, IGSHPA Catalog #40025.5. Soil Identification for GS-System Installation, IGSHPA Catalog #40030.6. Rock Identification for GS-System Installation,IGSHPA Catalog #40035.7. GS-Systems: Installation Overview, IGSHPA Catalog#40040.8. Proper Drilling and Trenching Procedures for GS-System Installations, IGSHPA Catalog #40045.MANUALS, GUIDES, HANDBOOKS, AND PROCEDURES1. Chapter 29, “Geothermal Energy”, 1995 ASHRAEHandbook, Heating Ventilating, and Air-ConditioningApplications.2. Ground-Source Heat Pumps, Design of GeothermalSystems for Commercial and InstitutionalBuildings, ASHRAE, 1997.3. Commercial/Institutional Ground-Source HeatPump Engineering Manual, ASHRAE, 1995. 4. Closed-Loop/Geothermal Heat Pump Systems—Design and Installation Standards, IGSHPA Catalog#21030.5. Closed-Loop/Ground-Source Heat Pumps —Installation Guide, NRECA Research Project 86-1,IGSHPA Catalog #21010.6. Grouting Procedures for Ground-Source Heat PumpSystems, IGSHPA Catalog #041307. Layout, Fabrication, and Installation ofSLINKYTM Ground Heat Exchangers, IGSHPACatalog #041408. Soil and Rock Classification for the Design ofGround-Coupled Heat Pump Systems—FieldManual, IGSHPA Catalog #04120 (November 1989).9. Water-Loop Heat Pump Systems: EngineeringGuide, EPRI TR-101134, Electric Power ResearchInstitute, June 1994. 10. Environmental Guidance Document, EPA, Phone: (1-888-STAR-YES).11. Manual on Environmental Issues Related to Geothermal Heat Pumps, EPA.12. Well logs and Quadrant Maps, U.S. GeologicalSurvey and State Geological Surveys (soil reportsand water tables, some with temperatures)(USGS).13. Guidelines for the Construction of VerticalBoreholes for Closed Loop Heat Pump Systems,NGWA.14. Ground Water Source Heat Pumps, a manual for thedesign of residential and small commercial groundsource heat pump systems. Available from Energy Information Services, P.O. Box 861462, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486-0013. E-mail: skavanaugh@coe.eng.ua.eduConstellation Energy Source, Inc.111 Market Place, Suite 530Baltimore, Maryland 21202Mr. Gregory Jarosinski(410) 468-3850, Fax (410) 468-3829E-mail: greg.jarosinski@cesource.comDuke Solutions, Inc.230 South Tryon Street, Suite 400Charlotte, North Carolina 28202Mr. Bob Payne(704) 382-1190, Fax (704) 373-3462E-mail: rfpayne@duke-energy.comThe Enron Team12647 Alcosta Blvd., Suite 500San Ramon, California 94583Mr. William Gang(925) 543-3848, Fax (925) 543-3550E-mail: gangw@bentleycompany.comExelon Energy Services, Inc.2003 Renaissance Blvd.King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Mr. Christopher Abbuehl(610) 278-6633, Fax (610) 278-7255E-mail: cabbuehl@exelones.comThe Trane Company, Asset Management Services4831 White Bear ParkwaySt. Paul, Minnesota 55110Ms. Devie Erickson(651) 407-3852, Fax (651) 407-3940E-mail: derickson@trane.comThe GeoExchange Super ESCOsOn February 11, 1999, United States Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson announced the selection of fiveenergy service companies (ESCOs) to undertake performance based GeoExchange projects worth as muchas $500 million at federal facilities throughout the nation. "These contracts alone can save each site up to40 percent on their energy bills," said Secretary Richardson. The five ESCOs selected by the United StatesDepartment of Energy to perform the GeoExchange Super Energy Savings Performance Contracts are:FederalFacilitiesFederalFacilitiesGeoExchangeGeoExchangeinin701 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20004-2696202-508-5500 • Fax 202-508-5222Toll Free 1-888-ALL-4-GEOwww.geoexchange.orgOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC. GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC. GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC. GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC. GEOTHERMAL HE$8.00 GB-031© 1999, GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP CONSORTIUM, INC.