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Litostroj - Model S-Type -Saxo Turbines, Vertical Tubular and Turbines
Design principle and range of use: The main characteristic of Saxo Turbines, Vertical tubular and S-type turbines is the axial flow arrangement of the unit, use of a conical distributor and absence of a spiral case. All unit types may be equipped with a regulated Kaplan runner, enabling the unit to operate efficiently under a wide range of discharges and heads. These type of turbines typically cover the head range similar to Kaplan units, meaning they can be employed over 10-75 m heads, usually at discharges below 100 cms. Saxo-type turbine is the most known Litostroj Power solution in the Vertical tubular unit arrangement. Throughout our history we have supplied more than 40 units of such type, they are suitable for new projects as well as old unit replacements.
General description & our setup
The Saxo turbine is a single or double regulated vertical tubular (axial flow) turbine without a spiral case structure at the inlet and represents a hybrid compact solution. It is a reliable and cost effective alternative to Kaplan and bulb units for electric energy production. The Saxo turbine was first introduced by Litostroj Power in 1996.
The Saxo turbine is designed as a compact solution limited in its size by the transport limitations. It is a factory pre-assembled to a maximum extent possible to reduce site installation time and related costs.
The main supporting part of the turbine is the intake elbow, to which the stay ring and the energy efficient conical distributor are attached. On the downstream side, the runner casing with the draft tube cone and draft tube elbow is placed.
Units are equipped with a Kaplan runner, turbine shaft is supported by an eco-friendly water lubricated turbine guide bearing situated in the turbine bulb. All loads from the bearing are transmitted through the stay vanes to the outer part of the stay ring and from there to concreted intake elbow.
Compact and factory pre-tested generator is placed outside the water passage above the turbine.
In order to fulfill the need of specific markets/customers some special solutions have been developed, such as:
- Runner with oil free hub and composite bearings in order to minimize environmental impact
- Use of a permanent magnet generator in combination of frequency converter in order to widen operation range of single regulated unit
- Various angles of inlet elbow in order to minimize civil works; designed on case by case basis
Our Vertical Bulb is a version of the Saxo-type turbine for a vertical tubular unit, with the inlet elbow replaced by an open-flume water inlet. The water flows vertically from an upstream basin into a conical distributor and then to the Kaplan runner and draft tube. The generator is attached to the inner cone of the stay ring and is submerged in water (design similar to bulb unit). Such design has the advantage of a further reduction of civil works on a replacement project.
The S-type unit is a horizontal variant of the Saxo-type unit. The inlet is similar as in the bulb unit whereas the S-shaped draft tube has two elbows, with the shaft passing through the draft tube elbow. The generator is attached to the foundation.
- Discharges up to 100 cms and Head ranges covered by Kaplan units
- Compact designs
- Price competitiveness and ease of maintenance compared to vertical Kaplan units
- Short delivery & erection times
- Excellent efficiency level over wide range of operation
- Environmentally friendly