Smit Thermal Solutions B.V.
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SmitClosed Space Sublimation (CSS) Systems for Thin Film Deposition

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Smit Thermal Solutions specializes in Closed Space Sublimation (CSS), a form of Physical Vacuum Deposition (PVD) technology used to deposit thin films on a substrate. This technique involves heating a crucible containing the source material, causing it to vaporize and condense onto the substrate located in close proximity, typically a few millimetres away.

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CSS has been proven to be a reliable method for depositing thin films for various applications, including CdTe and perovskite films for photovoltaic purposes. With high deposition rates and scalability for manufacturing purposes, CSS is a cost-effective solution for a range of industries.