SolarWindow LiquidElectricity - Electricity-Generating Liquid Coatings & Processes Systems
Electricity-generating liquid coatings & processes. Transparent, ultra-lightweight. Works in natural & artificial light. Self-charging on glass, flexible plastics, & films.
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Tune For Power, Color & Transparency
Tune for power output by managing color and transparency. Match to existing or planned color palettes. Deep blue colors generate the
greatest power output.
Electrify Glass, plastics & films at scale
Solution processable and coating process agnostic. Roll-to-Roll and Sheet-to-Sheet high throughput manufacturing. Proprietary processes for LiquidElectricity™ coating applications.
Watch Our Electricity-Generating Coatings Come To Life
- Light Energy Is Collected : Light energy activates coatings.
- Liquid Electricity Comes To Life : Light activated coatings excite electrons.
- Electricity Is Generated : The flow of electrons is electricity.
Stacking Layers For Power
- Cathode (-) : Metal layer that conducts the negatively charged electron
- Electron Transport Layer : Coating that attracts the electron of the exciton
- Active Layer : Solar-activated layer that generates the exciton (electron and hole)
- Hole Transport Layer : Coatings that attract and direct the hole to the anode layer
- Anode (+) : Conductive layer that transports the positively charged hole
- Scribe Lines : Segment power producing cells to build voltage or current
Our LiquidElectricity™ (coatings and application processes) generates electricity on glass, flexible plastics, and films.
First, LiquidElectricity™ is customized for color and transparency based on the specific application, and then applied in layers to a substrate (glass, plastic, or film).
Next, light hits LiquidElectricity™, generating holes (+) which are positively charged, and electrons which are negatively charged (-).
Holes (+) and electrons (-) are attracted to the hole/electron transport layers, where they migrate through to the conductive layers known as ‘anode’ and ’cathode’.
Holes (+) move to the anode and electrons (-) move to the cathode.
Positive and negative charges are directed to their respective conductors, and an electrical circuit is generated, resulting in the flow of electricity.
Diving Into Organic Semiconductors
When Light Hits LiquidElectricity™, Electrons Move, Leaving Holes
- Electrons are donated to the acceptor layer, which has a deeper HOMO and LUMO effect.
- The resulting holes will remain on the donor side with a positive charge.
- Light must be equal-to or greater-than the material bandgap (Eg) to allow an electron to move.
- In organic photovoltaics (OPV) two layers create a material boundary, the Acceptor Layer and the Donor Layer.
- Each layer's material has its own specific level of electrical potential. The difference between each material’s electrical potential stimulates the movement of electrons (exciton dissociation by thermal energy). This movement of electrons generates electricity.
- The total 'power' of this electricity is determined by the efficiency of the materials used in the Acceptor and Donor Layers.
- To enhance efficiency, the specialty materials in both the Acceptor Layer and Donor Layer are engineered based upon their respective levels of Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO). These levels help optimize the amount of electricity generated by LiquidElectricity™.
Over 90 Patents And Trademarks Granted & In-Process
- Solution processable OPV.
- 1/100th the thickness of a human hair.
- Adaptable to aerospace, transportation, architectural, and agrivoltaic applications.
- Organic and inorganic raw materials.
- No toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, selenium.
- Suitable for high throughput manufacturing using (R2R) printing or sheet (S2S) processing.
- Inline printing and coating methods enable a high technical yield of fully R2R processed flexible solar cell films.
- A complete process: R2R inline flexographic machine; printing, drying, patterning, tension, zones.
- R2R testing; lamination; cutting; interconnections.
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