Direct observation of water reactivity on perovskite oxides using insitu isotopic oxygen exchange

The ability of mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) perovskite oxides (ABO₃) to support both electronic and ionic conductivity, as well as their favourable catalytic properties and chemical and redox stability, make them promising electrode materials. MIEC perovskite oxides have received substantial attention in multiple applications in energy conversion and storage devices, such as solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells (SOFC/SOEC), oxygen transport membranes (OTMs), electrochemical sensors, and electrocatalysts for water splitting. In applications such as these, the rate of oxygen exchange across the gas - MIEC solid interface under various conditions often determines the overall performance of the device. The surface exchange mechanisms and kinetics have therefore been the focus of many studies. However, the majority of research has been carried out under dry oxygen environments, while practical operating conditions can be significantly more complicated.