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Energy Dome S.P.A.
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  5. Model CO2 ETCC - Energy Transition

Model CO2 ETCC - Energy Transition

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The Energy Transition Combined Cycle is a revolutionary way of combining power production and long duration, large scale energy storage. Combined cycles can now reach unprecedented gas-to-power efficiency and operate with enhanced flexibility, switching from absorbing and storing energy from the grid to full power production in a matter of seconds. The CO2 ETCC is based on a closed thermodynamic transformation that uses CO2 as a working fluid to produce power and store energy in combination with a gas turbine. The process is based on similar principles to the CO2 Battery. The only difference is  external heat from the exhaust of the gas turbine is added to the process by using a boiler. The CO2 ETCC can operate in four main working modes: Charging, Boost, Super Boost and Fast Response.
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  • In charging mode, energy can be absorbed from the grid and stored for later use in the form of liquid CO2. This is ideal for storing power when energy from the grid is available at low cost.
  • In boost mode, the system works as a combined cycle. he gas turbine is producing power and the exhaust heat from the gas turbine is recovered by means of a CO2 Brayton cycle:  net power is the difference between the power produced by the CO2 turbine and the CO2 compressor.
  • In super boost mode, the compressor is shut off and pressurized CO2 is withdrawn from the storage vessels to be expanded into the CO2 turbine after being heated up in the boiler. In this configuration, the gas turbine and the CO2 turbine produce power simultaneously exporting power to the grid with a combined cycle efficiency above 80%.

The total power produced in super boost mode is more than double the installed capacity of the gas turbine. This configuration is perfect during high energy rates during daily peaks. Finally, the system can be also adapted to work in fast response mode in order to start up the gas turbine in a matter of seconds without the need to operate the gas turbine in idle mode. It consumes gas just to keep it warm and ready to ramp-up.

Thanks to the CO2 ETCC, it is now possible to produce power and provide grid regulation services with a fuel-to-power efficiency of above 80%. In a market that demands ever growing efficiency and flexibility the CO2 ETCC can play a key role becoming the missing link in the energy transition.

A market with numerous revenues streams available needs a fully customizable solution without forgetting the reliability of standardization.

Energy Dome has developed standardized equipment «bricks» that can be combined together to build the perfect CO2 ETCC. Charging power (Compression), discharging power (Expansion) and storage capacity can be configured independently within a range of standardized solutions in order to optimize the business plan of any specific project.

Standarized Bricks can be used to build the perfect solution.


With the continuous increase of grid instability due to the increasing share of inverter based power or unpredictable inertia, grid balancing services become a key factor for a safe and reliable grid operation.

The CO2 ETCC can provide all the frequency and voltage regulation services needed for the reliable operation of the electrical grid assuring for multiple revenues for developers and operators.

The system can be adapted also to provide Fast Response services with a special configuration of the compressor and expander. In this case the plant uses two separated electrical machines, a dedicated motor drives the compressor and the expander moves a dedicate generator. Both compressor and expander will spin synchronous to the grid, the compressor discharge feeds the compressed CO2 into the expander. In case instant fast response power augmentation is required, after signal from the grid the compressor’s switch breaker is opened and immediately net power augmentation to grid is measured. Vice versa in case instant power absorption is required, turbine can be tripped after signal and consequently instant power absorption from the grid can be measured.