Swenson - Heat Exchangers
From Others
Shell and tube heat exchangers are used for most of Swenson installations. The heating medium is typically steam which is normally condensed on the outside of the tubes to heat the liquor or slurry which flows inside the tubes. Both vertical and horizontal tube heat exchangers are utilized. While vertical exchangers are the most common type, horizontal exchangers are used for installations with limited headroom or where maximum liquor submergence is needed to prevent surface boiling and subsequent salt precipitation on the tubes. Heat exchangers are typically one or two passes and are designed for relatively low temperature rises in the solution. This limits the supersaturation of scaling components when heating materials with inverted solubility. In most applications, the steam-to-liquid delta-T is also limited to prevent mass boiling within the tubes or vaporization at the tube wall.
Vertical Heat Exchangers
Most systems use vertical heat exchangers. Steam enters the enlarged shell section and flows around and up through the annulus formed between the inner and outer shells. The steam enters the tube bundle uniformly around the entire circumference beneath the top tubesheet. The Swenson steam inlet prevents condensate impingement on the tubes, reduces tube vibrations, provides for uniform steam distribution and, for some applications, acts as an entrainment separator. The non-condensable gases are swept downward and removed near the bottom tubesheet. Special vent baffles are provided for large diameter heat exchangers.
Internal tube supports are not normally required for vertical heat exchangers. The tubes are usually fastened mechanically to the top and bottom tubesheets by expansion of the tube into the tube holes.
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