LNG Transport & Terminals
Natural Gas is often sourced long distances from consumers. For shorter distances (less than 3000 km), transport by pipeline is generally used. Over longer distances, it is more economical to transform the Natural Gas into Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for transport. One cubic meter of LNG is equivalent to 600 m3 of Natural Gas, making the volume to be transported much more attractive.
Bulk transportation of LNG is generally done using...
Bulk transportation of LNG is generally done using ocean-going LNG Carriers. This allows transport from the LNG loading terminal to the LNG receiving terminal. The receiving terminals have storage and vaporisation systems to allow Natural Gas to be fed into the local gas distribution system as required, according to consumption.
Since natural gas liquefies at cryogenic temperatures, i.e. temperatures well below -100°C, there is continuous boil-off of a small portion of the liquefied natural gas during transportation and storage. This is termed natural boil-off gas (NBOG). Specialised equipment is required in order to handle this boil-off on both land and marine storage facilities. On ocean-going LNG carriers, this NBOG is frequently used to provide a source of fuel for the vessel propulsion, using boilers feeding steam turbines, or feeding directly to dual fuel diesel engines coupled to electric propulsion units. In case that additional fuel is required, additional cargo is vaporised to make up the shortfall.
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